高校实验动物生物安全风险管理探讨

Research on biosafety risk management of laboratory animals in universities

高校实验动物中心是提供动物实验服务的科研平台,生物安全管理工作是实验动物安全管理的关键环节。《中华人民共和国生物安全法》的颁布凸显了生物安全的重要性,也对高校实验动物生物安全管理提出了新的要求。该文以某高校实验动物管理中心为例,从实验动物生物安全管理的角度分析了生物安全隐患来源,从伦理审查、设施规范管理、环境监测、微生物质量控制、设施消毒、废弃物处理、四害防治、兽医职责等方面提出了具体管理措施,以期为我国高校实验动物生物安全风险防控及管理提供参考。

[Objective]Laboratory animal centers in colleges and universities are crucial for production,teaching,experimentation,and technical services involving laboratory animals.Biosafety management is an important part of their standardized operation and safety management.The Biosafety Law has highlighted the importance of biosafety and introduced new requirements for managing laboratory animals in universities.Establishing a systematic biosafety risk management framework is essential to prevent public health impacts related to biosafety and ensure effective management and operation.Comprehensive and systematic implementation of biosafety management in university laboratory animal centers is vital for the standardized management of facilities,the health and safety of staff and students,and the advancement of scientific research.[Methods]We evaluated the major biosafety hazards,classified as“internal factors”and“external factors”,throughout the whole experimental process.Corresponding solutions were proposed.Considering the complexity of hazards within laboratory animal facilities,we clearly identified the biosafety hazards one by one and summarized them to obtain more effective and distinct measures.[Results]Using the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science of Jinan University as a case study,we explored effective strategies for managing biosafety in animal public service platforms,such as qualified animal experimental design,standardized facility management,strict environmental and animal monitoring,frequently disinfecting facilities,periodic waste disposal,effective pest control,and veterinary supervision.Specifically,they include:①Ensuring research projects are reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinan University,adhering to the welfare and ethical principles of laboratory animals.②Implementing rigorous regulations for material types and delivery methods to maintain sterility.③Establishing different entry requirements and admission procedures for various personnel,with comprehensive training for experimental staff.④Daily checks of physical parameters of environmental facilities to ensure stable conditions.⑤Following the Biological Safety Law for treating wastewater,exhaust gas,and other waste materials.⑥Using at least two types of disinfectants to ensure effectiveness and prevent drug resistance,with clear guidelines for disinfection scope and methods.⑦Preventing and controlling biological vectors such as mosquitoes,flies,mice,and cockroaches through disinfection and sterilization.⑧Implementing isolation and quarantine,observation and treatment,anatomical sampling,and ensuring animal safety within the facility.[Conclusions]Universities should strictly implement the safety management responsibility system,investigate biological safety hazards,and determine effective responses to ensure the safe and effective operation of animal centers.