英国侦查权裁判所的制度分析及其对我国的借鉴启示

The System Analysis of British Investigatory Powers Tribunal andIts Reference and Enlightenment to China

英国侦查权裁判所是该国对受到非法秘密侦查行为侵害的当事人进行救济的重要裁判机构。通过对英国侦查权裁判所的组成人员及架构,案件审理程序,以及对裁决如何救济的研究,可以发现该机构的设立与运行既实现了对公权力的监督和制约,又实现了对公民合法权利的保障。我国应当借鉴英国的经验,将“没有救济就没有权利”的理念贯彻到秘密侦查领域之中,结合我国国情有必要顺应当今我国审判机关专门化的发展趋势,在借鉴英国侦查权裁判所的基础上,建立秘密侦查专门法院或者秘密侦查专门法庭,这是改革的远期和中期目标。在当前的境况下,通过修改《行政诉讼法》和《国家赔偿法》允许受到非法秘密侦查行为侵害的当事人提起行政诉讼并获得赔偿当属最快捷的救济方式。

The investigatory powers tribunal in the Great Britain is an important judicial institution to provide redress to the victims of unlawful covert investigation.Through the research on the composition and structure of the British Investigatory Powers Tribunal(BIPT),the trial procedure,and the remedy of the ruling,it is found that the establishment and operation of the institution not only realized the supervision and restriction of public power,but also realized the protection of citizens legal rights.It is recommended that China draw lessons from Britain experience and implement the principle“no right without relief”into the field of covert investigation.Taking into consideration our national conditions,it is necessary to conform to the development trend of specialization of judicial organs in our country,and establish special courts or special tribunals for covert investigation on the basis of learning from BIPT.This constitutes the long-term and medium-term goal of reform.Under the current circumstances,the quickest way is to amend The Administrative Procedure Law and The State Compensation Law to allow the parties who have been harmed by illegal covert investigation to file administrative lawsuits and obtain compensation.