不同品种平欧杂种榛坚果产量、性状和果仁营养物质对比

Yield and traits of nut,and nutrients of kernel under different hazelnut cultivars

【目的】筛选吉林地区适宜种植的高产、优质平欧杂种榛品种。【方法】以3个平欧杂种榛品种为试验材料,通过野外测产、坚果外观性状和果仁营养物质含量分析,综合评价不同品种榛果的特性。【结果】达维和辽榛7号的单株产量分别比辽榛3号高出43.6%和39.6%(P<0.05)。达维果仁的钙含量比辽榛7号和辽榛3号分别高出18.4%和16.1%;达维果仁的总糖含量比辽榛3号高出9.9%;辽榛3号果仁的不饱和脂肪酸含量比辽榛7号高出26.7%(P<0.05);达维果仁的蛋白质含量比辽榛7号低13.8%;达维果仁的胡萝卜素含量是辽榛3号的1.82倍;3个品种榛子果仁的维生素E含量差异显著,辽榛3号的含量最高,分别比达维和辽榛7号高出23.4%和66.5%(P<0.05)。达维榛果的平均直径比辽榛7号高却低于辽榛3号;辽榛3号的果仁质量和出仁率均显著高于其他2个品种(P<0.05),并且果壳最薄;辽榛7号榛果的圆球度最高,果形指数最低,达维次之。随机森林回归模型和主成分分析结果表明,榛子果仁维生素E含量和坚果纵径是显著影响榛子品种的重要营养和性状因子。果壳及果仁质量与榛果质量正相关,R2分别为0.85、0.56。榛果的平均直径分别与榛果质量、果仁质量和果壳质量正相关,R2分别为0.47、0.43、0.35。【结论】在3个品种中,达维具有最高的单株榛果产量和果仁产量,果实近圆球形利于脱壳,果仁不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、维生素E的含量较高,果仁总糖、胡萝卜素和钙含量均为最高。因此,达维是比较适合吉林地区经营的榛子品种。

【Objective】To select the high-yielding and high-quality varieties suitable for cultivation based on nut yield and traits of different hazelnut varieties in Jilin province.【Method】Three hybrid hazelnut varieties were chosen to analysis nut characteristics based on hazelnut yield,nut traits,and nutrients of kernel.【Result】The nut yield per plant in Dawei and Liaozhen 7 was 43.6%and 39.6%higher than that in Liaozhen 3(P<0.05).The calcium content of kernel in Dawei was 18.4%and 16.1%higher than that in Liaozhen 7 and Liaozhen 3,respectively.The total sugar content of kernel in Dawei was 9.9%higher than that in Liaozzhen 3.The unsaturated fatty acid content of kernel in Liaozhen 3 was 26.7%higher than that in Liaozhen 7.The protein content of kernel in Dawei was 13.8%lower than that in Liaozhen 7.The carotene content of kernel in Dawei was 1.82 times higher than those in Liaozhen 3.There were significant differences in the vitamin E content among the three varieties with the highest occurred in Liaozhen 3 showing 23.4%and 66.5%higher than Dawei and Liaozhen 7,respectively(P<0.05).The average diameter of nut in Dawei was larger than Liaozhen 7,but smaller than Liaozhen 3.The kernel mass and ratio in Liaozhen 3 with the thinnest shell were higher than the other two varieties(P<0.05).Liaozhen 7 showed the highest sphericity and lowest shape index,followed by Dawei.Random forest regression models and principal component analysis showed that the vitamin E content of kernels and the longitudinal diameter of nuts were the most important nutritional and morphological factors response to hazelnut varieties(P<0.05).There were positively correlated between shell mass and kernel mass with hazelnut mass(R^(2)=0.85,0.56),and the slope in shell mass was more than twice that of the kernel.The average diameter of hazelnuts was positively correlated with hazelnut mass,kernel mass,and shell mass(R^(2)=0.47,0.43,0.35).【Conclusion】Dawei shows the highest yield and kernel per plant,with a nearly spherical shape conducive to shelling,and higher unsaturated fatty acids,protein,vitamin E content,and the highest total sugar,carotene,and calcium content.Therefore,Dawei is relatively suitable for hazelnut cultivation in the Jilin region.