春季酿酒葡萄园气温梯度差异分析及模拟

Analysis and simulation of temperature gradient difference in vineyards in spring

【目的】提高酿酒葡萄晚霜冻预报预测的准确性,为科学调控酿酒葡萄园小气候及防御晚霜冻灾害提供理论依据。【方法】利用宁夏贺兰山东麓14个酿酒葡萄园2019—2022年4—5月农田小气候站50 cm和150 cm气温梯度的观测资料,对比分析了酿酒葡萄园春季气温、霜冻发生日数和程度、低温小时数以及典型霜冻日的气温梯度差异,建立了春季植株生长层最低气温的线性拟合模型。【结果】春季酿酒葡萄园气温存在梯度差异,其中150 cm最高气温低于50 cm,梯度差为0.1~0.8℃,150 cm最低气温高于50 cm,梯度差为0.2~1.1℃;基于酿酒葡萄晚霜冻气候指标,利用50 cm最低气温判定的霜冻发生总日数较150 cm总体偏多1~7 d,霜冻程度偏重;在典型霜冻日的夜晚降温阶段,越接近地面气温越低,不同酒庄气温梯度差异不同,其中JSY和MY酒庄的气温梯度差超过3.0℃;霜冻日出现≤0℃的小时数也存在梯度差异,平均差值为19.6 h,其中HD酒庄差值最大,为49 h;基于150 cm日最低气温建立的分产区、分酒庄以及不分产区不分酒庄的植株生长层最低气温线性拟合模型整体效果较好,其中分酒庄的模型拟合效果最好,R^(2)大于0.99的酒庄数超过50%,误差算术平均值为0.4℃。【结论】春季酿酒葡萄园最低气温的梯度差异最大,利用50 cm最低气温判定的霜冻日数更多、程度更重、低温小时数更多,更接近实际霜冻发生过程。此外,分酒庄的最低气温线性拟合模型更适合模拟植株生长层最低气温。

【Objective】In order to improve the accuracy of late frost forecast for wine grapes,and to provide theoretical basis for scientific regulation of microclimate and prevention of late frost disaster in vineyards.【Method】Based on the 50 cm and 150 cm temperature gradient observation data of 14 vineyards at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia from April to May in each year between 2019 and 2022,the gradient differences of spring temperature,frost occurrence days and degrees,low temperature hours and temperature on typical frost days were compared and analyzed.The linear fitting model of minimum temperature in spring growth layer was established.【Result】There were gradient differences in temperature of vineyards in spring.The maximum temperature of 150 cm was lower than that of 50 cm,and the gradient difference was 0.1-0.8℃.The minimum temperature of 150 cm was higher than that of 50 cm,and the gradient difference was 0.2-1.1℃.Based on the climate index of late frost of wine grapes,the total number of frost days determined by the minimum temperature of 50 cm was 1~7 days longer than that of 150 cm,and the frost degree was heavier.During the temperature dropping phase in the evening of typical frost days,the temperature got lower when it was closer to the ground surface.The temperature gradient of different wineries was different,among which the temperature gradient difference between JSY and MY wineries was more than 3.0℃.On frost days,there was a gradient difference in the number of hours of less than or equal to zero.The average difference was 19.6 h,and the difference of HD winery was the largest,which was 49 h.The linear fitting model based on the daily minimum temperature of 150 cm for different regions,different wineries and without regard to regions and wineries had a better overall effect,among which the model of different 2 wineries had the best fitting effect.The number of wineries with R greater than 0.99 was more than 50%,and the arithmetic average error was 0.4℃.【Conclusion】The gradient difference of minimum temperature in vineyards in spring was the largest.The number of frost days,severity and low temperature hours determined by minimum temperature of 50 cm was closer to the actual frost occurrence process.In addition,the linear fitting model of the minimum temperature of the winery was more suitable to simulate the minimum temperature of the plant growth layer.