降水强度对枸杞裂果特征的影响

Effect of precipitation intensity on cracking fruit characteristics of Lycium barbarum

【目的】为有效降低枸杞的裂果率提供参考。【方法】以易裂品种‘宁杞7号’枸杞为材料,在成熟期利用自然降水环境模拟不同强度降水,研究降水强度对枸杞裂果率的影响,同时对植株不同部位进行遮雨,研究降水过程中吸水途径对裂果率的影响。以开裂和不开裂果实为样本,研究其可溶性固形物含量、矿物质元素含量、细胞壁组分含量及相关酶活性、活性氧清除酶活性及激素水平的差异。【结果】枸杞裂果率随降水增强呈现上升趋势,降水过程中果实表面无法吸收雨水时裂果率显著下降。裂果的可溶性固形物含量显著高于完整果,其K、Ca、Mg、P、Mn、Cu元素的含量显著低于完整果。裂果果皮中的纤维素含量显著低于完整果果皮,其纤维素酶活性显著高于完整果果皮。裂果果肉的SOD和CAT活性均显著低于完整果果肉,PPO活性显著高于完整果果肉;裂果果皮的CAT活性显著低于完整果果皮。裂果果皮的GA3、IAA含量均显著低于完整果果皮;裂果果肉的IAA含量显著高于完整果果肉,其ABA含量显著低于完整果果肉。【结论】果实本身的矿物质元素缺少或在成熟期维持果皮强度的纤维素含量偏低,果实中活性氧清除酶活性偏低,容易引发裂果,此外果皮、果肉中激素含量不平衡也会导致裂果。供给肥料来提高成熟期果实硬度,并减少降水过程中果实表面水分,是降低裂果率的有效措施。

【Objective】To provide reference for effectively reducing the fruit cracking rate of goji(Lycium barbarum).【Method】The effects of precipitation intensity on the cracking rate of goji were studied by using natural precipitation environment to simulate different intensity of precipitation at maturity stage.The contribution of water absorption pathway to cracked fruit was studied by shielding different parts of plant during precipitation,taking the crackly variety‘Ningqi No.7’as the material.And the contents of soluble solids,mineral elements,cell wall components and related enzyme activity,oxygen-scavenging enzyme activity and hormone levels of cracked and uncracked fruits were studied.【Result】The fruit cracking rate of goji increased with the heighten of precipitation intensity,and fruit cracking rate decreased significantly when the surface of fruit was unable to absorb water during precipitation.The content of soluble solid in cracked fruit was significantly higher than that in whole fruit,while the content of K,Ca,Mg,P,Mn and Cu in cracked fruit was significantly lower than that in whole fruit.The cellulose content in cracked fruit peel was significantly lower than that in whole fruit peel,and cellulase activity was significantly higher than that in whole fruit peel.SOD and CAT activities in cracked fruit pulp were significantly lower than those in whole fruit pulp,PPO activity was significantly higher than that in whole fruit pulp,CAT activity in cracked fruit peel was significantly lower than that in whole fruit peel.The contents of GA3 and IAA in cracked fruit peel were significantly lower than those in whole fruit peel,while IAA in cracked fruit pulp was significantly higher than that in whole fruit pulp,and ABA content was significantly lower than that in whole fruit pulp.【Conclusion】The lack of mineral element content in the fruit itself,the low cellulose content that to maintain the strength of the peel in the ripening stage,and the low activity of oxygen-scavenging enzymes in the fruit were easy to cause fruit cracking.In addition,the imbalance of hormone content in peel and pulp can also lead to cracked fruit.Fertilizer supply can improve the fruit firmness at ripening stage and reduce the surface water of fruit during precipitation,which can effectively reduce fruit cracking.