基于电子鼻技术的樱花花香测定方法的建立

Establishment of determination method of cherry blossom fragrance based on electronic nose technology

【目的】为建立基于电子鼻技术的樱花花香气味快速检测方法,应用于樱花种质鉴定。【方法】以山樱花Cerasus serrulate为试材,采用正交设计,分析不同顶空平衡时间、样品量、花期和采样时间对电子鼻测定樱花花香的影响,筛选最佳测定参数,并利用山樱花、东京樱花Cerasus yedoensis和日本晚樱Cerasus serrulata var.lannesiana等3种樱花种质进行效果验证。【结果】传感器W1C、W5S、W1S、W1W、W2W和W3S对樱花香气组分响应值较大,其他传感器响应值较小(G/G0≈1)。不同因素下电子鼻传感器的响应值差异显著,各因素对电子鼻传感器响应影响大小依次为:花期>样品量>采样时间>顶空平衡时间。根据高响应值,确定电子鼻测定樱花花香的最佳组合为A2B4C3D2,即在12:00采集盛开时期的花朵4 g,在顶空平衡30 min后测定。基于最佳电子鼻测定参数,结合主成分分析(PCA)及线性判断分析(LDA),进行不同樱花种质区分发现,PCA及LDA分析均较好地实现了不同樱花种质区分,且LDA法的区分度高于PCA法的区分度(LDA法区分度=1;PCA法区分度=0.677~0.974),LDA法区分效果优于PCA法。载荷因子Loading分析发现,传感器W1W、W2W、W5S、W1S、W2S和W3S对第一主成分起正向贡献作用,W6S对第二主成分起主要正向贡献作用,表明烷烃类与氮氧化合物及硫化物类可能是区分樱花种质香型的主要成分。【结论】电子鼻测定樱花花香的最佳参数为在12:00采集盛开时期的花朵4 g,在顶空平衡30 min后测定,结合LDA法进行不同种质区分,区分度较高(区分度=1)。

【Objective】In order to establish a rapid detection method of cherry blossom fragrance based on electronic nose technology and apply it to cherry blossom germplasm identification.【Method】Cerasus serrulate was used as the test material,and orthogonal design was used to analyze the effects of different headspace balance time,sample size,flowering period and sampling time on the determination of cherry blossom fragrance by electronic nose,and to screen the best determination parameters.Three cherry germplasm,namely,C.serrulate,C.yedoensis and C.serrulata var.lannesiana,were used to verify the effect.【Result】Sensors W1C,W5S,W1S,W1W,W2W and W3S had larger response values to cherry blossom aroma components,while other sensors hadsmaller response values(G/G0≈1).The response value of electronic nose sensor was significantly different under different factors,and the order of influence of each factor on the response of electronic nose sensor was flowering period>sample size>sampling time>headspace balance time.According to the high response value,it was determined that the best combination of electronic nose for measuring the fragrance of cherry blossoms was A2B4C3D2,that was,4 g of flowers in full bloom were collected at 12:00,and measured after 30 min of headspace balance.Based on the best electronic nose measurement parameters,combined with principal component analysis(PCA)and linear judgment analysis(LDA),different cherry germplasm were distinguished.It was found that PCA and LDA analysis could distinguish different cherry germplasm well,and the discrimination degree of LDA method was higher than that of PCA method(LDA method discrimination degree=1;The discrimination degree of PCA method was 0.677-0.974),and the discrimination effect of LDA method was better than PCA method.The load factor of Loading analysis showed that sensors W1W,W2W,W5S,W1S,W2S and W3S had positive contributions to first principal component,and W6S had a main positive contribution to the second principal component.It showed that alkanes,nitrogen oxides and sulfides might be the main components to distinguish the fragrance types of cherry germplasm.【Conclusion】The best parameters for measuring the fragrance of cherry blossoms by electronic nose are as follows:4 g of blooming flowers are collected at 12:00,and measured after 30 min of headspace balance,and different germplasm are distinguished by LDA method,with high discrimination(discrimination=1).