珠海市学龄前儿童中医体质类型及其影响因素分析

The Types of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Classification of Preschool Children in Zhuhai and Influencing Factors

目的了解珠海市学龄前儿童中医体质类型并分析其影响因素,为制定珠海市儿童保健措施提供理论支持。方法2020年7月1日-2021年5月31日采用整群抽样的方法,抽取珠海市香洲区吉大街道幼儿园,将全部幼儿园儿童纳入研究对象,对符合条件儿童进行现场问卷调查和体格检查。结果共收集1006份有效问卷。通过Logistic回归模型分析发现,早产、儿童身高、儿童身高别体质量是中医体质类型的影响因素(P<0.05)。早产相比于足月产儿童更不容易出现偏颇体质(P<0.05),尤其是痰湿质,OR值为0.313,95%CI:0.104~0.946。儿童的身高与体质类型有关,身高低(身高≤-1SD)的儿童,发生除痰湿质之外的其他偏颇体质的概率更大(P<0.05)。与身高在正常范围的儿童相比,身高“中下”及以下(身高≤-1SD)儿童为阴虚质,OR值为2.307,95%CI:1.36~3.914;气郁质的OR值为2.788,95%CI:1.09~7.133;其他体质的OR值为3.485,95%CI:1.189~10.216。身高“中上”及以上(身高≥1SD)的儿童,体质类型为痰湿质的概率更大,其OR值为1.810,95%CI:1.091~3.001。与身高别体质量“中”的儿童相比,身高别体质量“中上”及以上(体质量≥1SD)的儿童体质类型为阴虚质概率更大,OR值为3.384,95%CI:2.162~5.296。结论对珠海市学龄前儿童应该重点关注阴虚质体质,儿童身高、身高别体质量偏低或者偏高都容易发生偏颇体质,对不同特征和中医体质的学龄前儿童应进行个性化的中医健康指导。

Objective To understand the types of traditional Chinese medicine constitution classification of preschool children and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical support for the formulation of health care measures for children in Zhuhai.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select kindergartens in Jida Street,Xiangzhou District,Zhuhai City from 1 July 2020 to 31 May,2021,and all the kindergarten children were included as study objects.Field questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among the eligible children.Results A total of 1006 valid questionnaires were collected.Logistic regression model analysis showed that premature birth,child height and child weight for height were influencing factors of TCM constitution type(all P<0.05).Compared with full-term children,preterm birth were less likely to have phlegm-dampness(OR=0.313,95%CI:0.104-0.946).Children with low body weight were more likely to have predisposition other than phlegm and dampness(all P<0.05).Compared with children in the normal range of height,OR value of the short children was 2.307,95%CI:1.360-3.914;OR value of Qi-stagnation was 2.788,95%CI:1.090-7.133.OR value of other constitutions was 3.485,95%CI:1.189-10.216.The probability of high height children with phlegm-dampness was hig-her,OR value was 1.810,95%CI:1.091-3.001.Compared with children in the normal range of height and weight,overweight and obese children had a higher probability of Yin deficiency,OR value was 3.384,95%CI:2.162-5.296.Conclusion Preschool children in Zhuhai should focus on Yin deficiency and quality constitution.Children are prone to biased constitution if their height,height for weight are low or high,which suggests that individualized health guidance should be given to preschool children with different characteristics and TCM constitution classifications.