基于稳产视角的粮食安全:现实基础、主要问题和对策建议

Food Security Based on the Perspective of Stable Production:Current Status,Key Issues,and Policy Recommendations

保障粮食安全事关国家安全和发展大局,是推动经济持续发展、保持社会长期稳定的重要基础。本研究基于稳产视角,在分析我国粮食生产现状及特点的基础上,明确我国粮食生产面临的主要问题。研究发现,近年来我国粮食播种面积总体稳定,粮食总产量和单产水平有所提高,粮食生产重心不断北移,粮食生产规模化、机械化水平以及质量安全水平不断提高,粮食生产形势总体向好。但是,我国粮食生产还存在产量进一步提升面临较大压力、播种面积和单产水平仍有较大提升空间、区域性供需矛盾凸显、耕地数量减少和质量下降问题突出、政府抓粮和农民种粮积极性弱化、新型农业经营主体金融服务滞后等问题。鉴于此,研究提出,落实粮食安全和耕地保护党政同责、提高主销区和产销平衡区粮食自给水平、实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动、实施玉米单产提升和耕地质量提升工程、促进大豆产业持续健康发展、完善粮食生产支持政策、加大农村金融服务供给等对策建议。

Ensuring food security is crucial for national security and development,and is an important foundation for promoting sustained economic development and maintaining long-term social stability.Based on the perspective of stable production,this study analyzes the current status and characteristics of grain production in China,clarifies the major problems,and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions.Research has found that in recent years,the sown area of grain in China has remained stable;the total and unit yield levels of grain have increased;the focus of grain production has continuously shifted northward;the scale,mechanization,quality,and safety levels of grain production have improved;and the overall situation of grain production is improving.However,China’s grain production still faces significant pressure to further increase output,there is still room for improvement in sowing area and yield level,regional supply-demand contradictions are prominent,the problem of reduced quantity and quality of cultivated land is significant,the enthusiasm of government and farmers for grain production is weakened,and financial services for new agricultural business entities lag behind.In view of this,this study proposes policy recommendations for strengthening the responsibilities of the government for food security and farmland protection,improving the self-sufficiency of grain in major sales areas and production-sales balance areas,implementing a new round of action to increase grain production capacity,launching projects to increase corn yield and farmland quality,promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry,improving food production support policies,and increasing the supply of rural financial services.