喷施叶面钾肥对典型偏酸植烟土壤理化性质及烤后烟叶质量的影响

Effects of Foliar Potassium Fertilizers on Physicochemical Properties of Typical Acid Tobacco Planting Soil and Quality of Cured Tobacco Leaves

【目的】探明喷施叶面钾肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烤后烟叶质量的影响,为烤烟增钾和叶面钾肥施用提供技术支撑。【方法】以云烟121为研究对象,在典型偏酸土壤植烟区设置喷施清水(K_(0),对照)、腐殖酸钾(K_(1))、磷酸二氢钾(K_(2))、水溶性硫酸钾(K_(3))等4个处理开展试验,调查分析不同处理下烤烟的农艺性状、土壤理化性质、烤后烟叶经济性状和化学成分。【结果】喷施叶面钾肥可有效促进烟株中后期生长发育,改善烟株农艺性状,同时显著增强烤烟对普通花叶病的抗病性,K_(3)表现较优,发病率和病情指数分别较K_(0)降低52.54%和57.12%。与K_(0)相比,叶面钾肥处理可一定程度改善土壤理化性质,显著提高土壤速效养分含量。喷施叶面钾肥可促进烤烟增产增收,其中,K_(3)效果最显著,产量、产值和中上等烟比例分别较K_(0)升高7.21%、14.42%和6.23%。喷施叶面钾肥可有效改善中、下部烟叶化学成分,促进化学成分更协调,其中,增钾降氯效果最显著,且K_(1)和K_(3)效果较优,与K_(0)相比,中部叶钾分别升高43.75%和30.21%,氯分别降低61.54%和46.15%;下部叶钾分别升高17.48%和22.36%,氯分别降低22.22%和8.89%。【结论】喷施叶面钾肥可有效促进烤烟生长发育,增强烤烟抗病性,一定程度改善土壤理化状况,促进烤烟产质量提高,使中、下部烟叶钾含量增加、氯含量降低,其中,以水溶性硫酸钾效果最好。建议偏酸土壤植烟区烤烟在常规施肥基础上喷施水溶性硫酸钾,以达到烤烟增钾降氯的目的。

【Objective】The effects of different foliar potassium fertilizers on the quality of cured tobacco leaves and physicochemical properties of tobacco planting soil were investigated,which provided the technical support for increasing potassium and applying foliar potassium fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco.【Method】Yunyan 121 was used as the research object,and four treatments,including water(K_(0),CK),potassium humate(K_(1)),potassium dihydrogen phosphate(K_(2))and water-soluble potassium sulfate(K_(3)),were set up in typical acid soil in tobacco growing area to carry out experiments.The agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco,soil physical-chemical properties,economic properties and chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves under different treatments were investigated and analyzed.【Result】Spraying foliar potassium fertilizer could effectively promote the growth and development of tobacco plants in the middle and late stages,improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants,and significantly enhance the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco to common mosaic disease.K_(3)showed better performance,compared with K_(0),as the incidence and disease index decreased by 52.54%and 57.12%,respectively.Compared with K_(0),foliar potassium fertilizer treatment could improve soil physical-chemical properties to a certain extent,and significantly increase the content of soil available nutrients.Spraying foliar potassium fertilizer could increase yield and income of flue-cured tobacco,among which K_(3)had the most significant effect,and its yield,output value and proportion of medium-superior class tobacco increased by 7.21%,14.42%and 6.23%,respectively,compared with K_(0).Application of foliar potassium fertilizer could effectively improve the chemical composition of middle and bottom tobacco leaves,and promote a more coordinated chemical composition,among which the effect of increasing potassium and reducing chlorine was the most significant,and the effects of K_(1)and K_(3)were better.Compared with K_(0),the potassium of middle leaves increased by 43.75%and 30.21%,respectively,while the chlorine reduced by 61.54%and 46.15%,respectively.In the bottom leaves,potassium increased by 17.48%and 22.36%,and chlorine decreased by 22.22%and 8.89%,respectively.【Conclusion】Spraying foliar potassium fertilizer can effectively promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,enhance the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco,improve soil physical-chemical condition to a certain extent,promote the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and increase the potassium content in middle and bottom leaves and reduce the chlorine content,among which the water-soluble potassium sulfate has the best effect.In conclusion,it is suggested to spray water-soluble potassium sulfate on the basis of conventional fertilization to increase potassium and reduce chlorine in flue-cured tobacco in acid tobacco planting soil.