磷钾肥运筹对烟叶品质的影响

Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Management on Quality of Tobacco Leaves

【目的】探明不同磷钾配比对烟叶品质的影响,为解决植烟土壤速效磷含量偏低,提高烟叶钾含量与改善烟叶品质提供理论依据。【方法】以云烟87为试材,采用随机区组设计开展磷钾肥运筹试验,设置磷肥运筹为低磷(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶1∶3)、中磷(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶1.5∶3)、高磷(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶2∶3),钾肥运筹为封顶后是否喷施钾肥共6个处理,比较不同磷钾运筹方式对烤烟田间农艺性状、烤后烟叶物理特性、化学品质、外观质量、感官评吸的影响。【结果】高磷配施钾肥处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、茎围和节距均最大,分别为122.4 cm、0.1580 m^(2)、5.94 cm和6.66 cm。各处理中部叶的外观质量综合得分整体较上部叶高,物理特性综合得分整体较上部叶低。随磷肥施用量增加烟叶的感官质量呈升高趋势,烟叶的综合质量均有一定程度提高,且中部叶的改善效果优于上部叶。不同部位烟叶质量均表现为中磷配施钾肥处理最佳,中部叶和上部叶的综合得分分别为0.766分和0.722分。【结论】烟叶综合品质随磷肥施用量增加而升高,喷钾明显改善中部叶综合质量;中量磷肥(668.0 kg/667m^(2))配施硫酸钾(499.5 kg/667m^(2))可有效扩大封顶后叶面积与节距,协调中部叶化学组分,提高总糖、还原糖、钾含量,优化总氮、氮碱比、钾氯比,提升香气质、香气量,整体改善烟叶品质。

【Objective】In order to provide the theoretical basis for solving the current situation of low available phosphorus content in tobacco planting soil and improving potassium content and quality of tobacco leaves,the effects of different ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the quality of tobacco leaves were explored.【Method】Taking Yunyan 87 as test material,the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer management experiment was carried out by a randomized block design.The phosphorus fertilizer management included low phosphorus(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶1∶3),medium phosphorus(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶1.5∶3)and high phosphorous(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶2∶3).The potassium fertilizer management was whether spaying potassium after topping.There were six treatments.The effects of different phosphorus and potassium management methods on agronomic traits of tobacco in field,physical properties,chemical quality,appearance quality and sensory evaluation of cured tobacco leaves were compared.【Result】The plant height,maximum leaf area,stem girth and internode distance were highest under high phosphorous with potassium fertilizer treatment,respectively 122.4 cm,0.1580 m^(2),5.94 cm and 6.66 cm.The comprehensive score of appearance quality in middle leaves under each treatment was higher than that of upper leaves,while the comprehensive score of physical properties was lower than that of upper leaves.As phosphorus fertilizer increased,the sensory quality showed an increasing trend,and the comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves increased to different degrees,and the improvement of middle leaves was better than that of upper leaves.The quality of different parts of tobacco leaves performed best under medium phosphorus with potassium fertilizer treatment,and the comprehensive score of middle and upper leaves was 0.766 and 0.722,respectively.【Conclusion】The comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves increases with the increase of phosphorus application rate.Spraying potassium significantly improves the comprehensive quality of the middle leaves.The treatment of medium phosphorus fertilizer(668.0 kg/667m^(2))with potassium sulfate(499.5 kg/667m^(2))can effectively enlarge leaf area and internode distance after topping,coordinate chemical composition of middle leaves,increase total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium content,optimize total nitrogen,nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio and improve aroma quality and quantity,thereby improving the quality of tobacco leaves.