烟秆生物炭与钾肥配施对烤烟生长与产质量的影响

Effects of Tobacco Stem Biochar Combined with Potassium Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明钾、镁养分平衡供给对烤烟生长与产质量的影响,为优质烟叶生产提供依据。【方法】以云烟87为供试材料,通过随机区组试验设置CK:常规施肥(复合肥600 kg/hm^(2));T_(1):常规施肥+烟秆生物炭(600 kg/hm^(2));T_(2):常规施肥+硫酸钾(600 kg/hm^(2));T_(3):常规施肥+烟秆生物炭+硫酸钾;T_(4):常规施肥+缓释钾(1200 kg/hm^(2));T_(5):常规施肥+烟秆生物炭+缓释钾肥共5个处理,在常规施肥基础上研究烟秆生物炭配施钾肥对土壤理化性质、烤后烟叶化学成分与经济性状的影响。【结果】施用烟秆生物炭处理(T_(1)、T_(3)和T_(5))土壤的pH分别较常规施肥降低4.00%、7.18%和11.06%,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均提高。与CK相比,各施肥处理烟株的株高、茎围、有效叶数、最大叶长均增加,以T_(5)处理农艺性状最好。与对照和单增施烟秆生物炭处理相比,烟秆生物炭与钾肥配施处理(T_(3)、T_(5))烤后中部叶钾离子含量均提高,总糖、还原糖和总氮升高,氯离子降低,氮碱比、钾氯比升高,化学成分更协调;上部叶钾离子含量升高,总糖含量降低,总氮升高。施用烟秆生物炭处理上等烟和中上等烟比例总体呈增加趋势,产量分别较CK增加1.88%、8.58%和10.34%,产值分别增收0.67%、13.43%和15.95%,以T_(5)处理的经济效益最优。【结论】烟秆生物炭能改良土壤,促进烟株生长,增效益、优品质。相比硫酸钾肥,缓释钾肥可缓释钾素,满足烤烟生长的同时,更利于烟株后期吸收,提升烟叶品质。烟秆生物炭与钾肥配施协同增效,尤其与缓释钾肥共施效果最佳,显著促进烤烟生长及产质量提升。

【Objective】The effects of nutritional balancing supply of potassium and magnesium on the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied to provide basis for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves.【Method】Taking Yunyan 87 as the test material,five treatments,including CK:conventional fertilization(600 kg/hm^(2)compound fertilizer),T_(1):conventional fertilization+tobacco stem biochar(600 kg/hm^(2)),T_(2):conventional fertilization+potassium sulfate compound fertilizer(600 kg/hm^(2)),T_(3):conventional fertilization+tobacco stem biochar+potassium sulfate compound fertilizer,T_(4):conventional fertilization+slow-release potassium fertilizer(1200 kg/hm^(2)),T_(5):conventional fertilization+tobacco stem biochar+slow-release potassium fertilizer,were set through randomized block experiment to study their effects on the physiochemical properties of soil,the chemical components and economic benefits of cured tobacco leaves.【Result】The soil pH treated with tobacco stem biochar(T_(1),T_(3)and T_(5))decreased by 4.00%,7.18%and 11.06%compared with CK,respectively.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all increased.Compared to CK,the plant height,stem girth,the number of effective leaves,maximum leaf length of tobacco plant under different treatments all increased,and the agronomic traits of T_(5) were the best.Compared with CK and increasing the application of tobacco stem biochar lonely,the potassium ions content at middle part of cured tobacco leaves treated with the combined application of tobacco stem biochar and potassium fertilizer(T_(3)and T_(5))increased,and the total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio increased,the chemical components were more harmonious,while the chlorine ion content reduced.The potassium ion content at upper part of tobacco leaves and total nitrogen increased,while the content of total sugar decreased.The ratio of upper-class tobacco and medium-upper class tobacco treated with tobacco stem biochar showed an increasing trend.The yield respectively increased by 1.88%,8.58%and 10.34%compared with CK,and the output value increased by 0.67%,13.43%and 15.95%,respectively,among which the economic benefit of T_(5) treatment was the best.【Conclusion】Tobacco stem biochar can improve soil quality,promote the growth,economic benefit and quality of tobacco plant.Compared with potassium sulfate compound fertilizer,the slow-release potassium fertilizer can slowly release potassium,which not only meet the growth demand of flue-cured tobacco,but also are more beneficial to the uptake of tobacco plant in later periods and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.Combining application of tobacco stem biochar and potassium fertilizer has more benefits,and has the best effect as combined application with slow-release potassium fertilizer,which can significantly improve the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.