人才流向何处:“双一流”高校毕业生空间流动特征研究

The Geography of Talent:A Study on the Spatial Mobility Patterns of Graduates from"Double First-Class"Universities

“双一流”高校毕业生流动分布的合理性关乎人力资本收益空间分布及人才高效配置。为揭示新形势下中国高校毕业生就业的空间流动规律,基于49003名京津沪“双一流”高校毕业生就业流动数据,分析高校毕业生区域就业流向特征,利用二元logistic回归探讨高校毕业生跨省流动的影响因素。结果表明,毕业生前往一线、新一线城市就业仍是主流趋势,东部地区黏滞率较高;中国西部人才“留不住”“进不来”问题仍然突出;高学历、高学校层次、长就业年限、生源地与就业地高经济差距是促进毕业生流动的重要因素。建议发挥制度优势引导人才前往中西部就业;增强本地“造血”功能做好留才支撑;保证“软硬”环境建设双管齐下,打造更为优质的人才环境,从而推动人才合理流动和区域经济的协调发展,优化高等教育系统生态。

Graduates from China's"Double First-Class"universities constitute a critical talent pool,and their spatial mobility patterns have significant implications for human capital distribution and regional economic development.This study investigates the employment flow characteristics of"Double First-Class"university graduates,focusing on factors influencing their inter-provincial mobility.Utilizing employment data from 49,003 graduates across universities in Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai,the study reveals a persistent concentration of graduates in first-tier and"new"first-tier cities,with a particularly high retention rate in the eastern region.This pattern highlights the ongoing challenges of attracting and retaining talent in western China.Binary logistic regression analysis identifies several key factors associated with graduate mobility,including the graduate's level of education,high school origin,and the economic disparity between their home province and chosen employment location.These findings suggest a need for targeted policies that leverage systemic advantages to incentivize graduate employment in central and western regions.Strengthening local talent cultivation initiatives is crucial to enhance talent retention.Furthermore,creating attractive living and working environments in less developed regions is essential to foster a more balanced and efficient distribution of highly skilled graduates,ultimately supporting coordinated regional economic development and optimizing the higher education ecosystem.