新质生产力的影响因素与作用机制研究——基于企业全要素生产率视角

On Influencing Factors and Mechanism of New Quality Productivity:A Perspective from Enterprises’Total Factor Productivity

习近平总书记提出新质生产力理论,对生产力的新质特征做出了高度概括,也为学术研究开辟了新的领域。本文基于新质生产力理论,使用2012—2022年A股制造业上市企业数据,用实证方法对新质生产力的影响因素与作用机制进行了初步探讨。研究发现当用全要素生产率度量新质生产力时,劳动者高素质化、劳动工具数字化升级、劳动对象绿色化对新质生产力提升有显著影响,且这三方面因素对新质生产力的影响存在边际贡献递增趋势。从生产关系角度来看,国有企业的所有制优势、企业间竞争激烈程度加强、企业间合作程度加深、政府的调控这四个方面对新质生产力的发展起到正向促进影响。异质性分析发现,经济发达地区的劳动者高素质化、劳动工具数字化升级和劳动对象绿色化对新质生产力的提升作用会更加明显;高污染行业的劳动对象绿色化对新质生产力的促进作用更加明显,而低污染行业的劳动者高素质化和劳动工具数字化升级的推动力更加显著。这就要求在促进新质生产力发展方面,需关注地区和行业的差异,采取更有针对性的政策。

Xi Jinping’s new quality productivity theory highly summarized the new quality characteristics of productivity and also broadened academic research horizons.Based on the new quality productivity theory,this paper preliminarily and empirically investigated the influencing factors and mechanisms of new quality productivity by using data of A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2022.The research revealed that high-quality development of laborers,digital upgrade of labor tools,and sustainability of labor objects had significant impacts on enhancing new quality productivity with increasing trend in the marginal contribution of these three factors.From the perspective of productivity relations,four factors had a positive impact on the development of new quality productivity,including the ownership advantages of state-owned enterprises,the intensification of competition and the deepening of cooperation among enterprises,and the government regulation.Heterogeneity analysis revealed that in economically developed regions,the enhancement of new quality productivity was more obvious by high-quality development of laborers,digital upgrade of labor tools,and sustainability of labor objects;the sustainability of labor objects in high-polluting industries promoted the new quality productivity more obviously,while high-quality development of labors and digital upgrade of labor tools in low-polluting industries had a more significant driving force.These insights suggested the need for considering regional and industrial differences and adopting more targeted policies to foster new quality productivity.