职教专硕招生的制度演进、现实困境及纾解路径

The Institutional Evolution,Practical Difficulties and Relief Paths of the Professional Master Degree in Vocational Education

职教专硕作为培育高层次职业教育人才的重要平台,其招生制度的合理性与有效性直接影响人才培养的质量与效果。回顾职教专硕招生制度的演变历程,总结出其从学科探索期起步,经过试点招生期的实践探索,直至学科深化期的演进脉络。深入剖析招生过程中出现的适配偏差、专业缺位以及利益驱动等问题,发现因为信息传递的损耗、信息获取的失真以及信息处理的不足,导致招生方向与实际需求的脱节、前置专业要求的科学性不足以及招生方式的“普教化”。从信息要素获取、持有和运用三个维度提出针对性的纾解路径,旨在为职教专硕招生制度的优化提供可借鉴的方案。

As an important platform for cultivating high-level vocational education talents,the ratio⁃nality and effectiveness of the professional master degree in vocational education directly affect the quality and effect of talent cultiviting.This paper reviews the evolution process of the enrollment system of the pro⁃fessional master degree in vocational education,and summarizes its evolution from the beginning of the dis⁃cipline exploration period,through the practical exploration of the pilot enrollment period,to the deepening period of the discipline.Through in-depth analysis of the problems in the enrollment process,such as the deviation of adaptation,the absence of majors and the drive of interests,it is found that the loss of informa⁃tion transmission,the distortion of information acquisition and the lack of information processing lead to the disconnection between the enrollment direction and the actual demand,the lack of scientificity of the preprofessional requirements and the“general education oriented”of the enrollment method.This paper puts forward a targeted relief path from the three dimensions of information elements acquisition,holding and ap⁃plication,aiming to provide a reference scheme for the optimization of the enrollment system of vocational education.