金属矿开采天井机械破岩钻进工艺及关键技术分析

Analysis of mechanical rock-breaking drilling process and key technologies for raiserockhole in metal mining

金属矿开采天井机械化、绿色化和智能化建设已成为技术发展的主要趋势,也是推动金属矿山开发高质量发展的重点任务之一。随着金属矿山开采逐步走向深部,高地压、高地温、高水压等地质条件的复杂性和恶劣作业环境的不确定性愈发突出,给服务矿井生产的各类天井工程建设带来很大难度和挑战。全面梳理了金属矿开采天井类型,分析了垂直天井、倾斜天井、切割槽(盲天井)的现有机械破岩钻进工艺;通过分析现有切割井钻机与反井钻机钻井技术装备现状及面临的难题,从高效钻进、智能控制、围岩控制和智能装备等方面,开展了切割井钻机与反井钻机智能化钻井关键技术分析;针对大直径、高中段天井现有反井钻机一次钻进能力不足,以及围岩破碎段高、软弱围岩变形量较大,易发生井帮失稳坍塌等问题,提出了不良地层大直径天井掘进机掘支一体化的建设新工艺,围绕机械破岩正掘工艺、全断面装备智能掘进、装备配套与安全悬吊、掘进机始发与拆机等关键技术,分析了天井掘进机钻井技术的研发方向,以期为金属矿开采天井安全、高效、绿色和智能化建设技术发展提供参考。

The mechanization,greening and intelligent construction technology of the patio has become the main trend of technological development.This is also one of the key tasks to promote the high-quality development of metal mines.The mining of metal mines is gradually moving towards deeper areas,and the complexity of geological conditions such as high ground pressure,high ground temperature,and high-water pressure,as well as the uncertainty of the operating environment,are becoming increasingly prominent.These bring great difficulties and challenges to the construction of various raiserockhole projects serving mine production.The types of raiserockholes were comprehensively reviewed in metal mining,and the existing mechanical rock-breaking drilling processes for vertical raiserockhole,inclined raiserockhole,and cutting groove(blind raiserockhole)were analyzed.By analyzing the status and challenges faced by existing cutting groove drilling rigs and raise boring machine,the key technologies for intelligent drilling of cutting groove drilling rigs and raise boring machine have been analyzed from the aspects of efficient drilling,intelligent control,surrounding rock control,and intelligent equipment.In response to the insufficient one-time drilling capacity of existing raise boring machines for large diameter and high to medium section shafts,as well as the high deformation of fractured and weak surrounding rocks,which can easily lead to instability and collapse of the raiserockhole.A new construction technology for the integration of drilling and support with large diameter raise boring machines in poor strata has been proposed.Focusing on key technologies such as mechanical rock breaking and positive boring,full-section equipment intelligent boring,equipment matching and safe suspension,and the starting and dismantling of the raiserockhole boring machine,the research and development direction of the raiserockhole boring machine drilling technology has been analyzed.The aim is to provide a reference for the development of safe,efficient,green and intelligent construction technology for metal mine mining.