岩体弱化方法及其在深部高应力硬岩机械化开采中的应用

Rockmass weakening method and its application in mechanical mining of deep high-stress hard rock

战略性矿产资源的安全保供是国家重大战略需求,向地球深部要矿产资源在未来相当长一段时间内具有不可替代的战略性。为了保障矿产资源需求,深部高应力硬岩的安全高效开采是深部采矿必须解决的重大问题。首先,本文阐述了深部高应力硬岩采矿的技术挑战及“变害为利”的采矿变革思路,提出了高应力硬岩弱化后再开展机械破岩以实现商业化开采的关键技术对策。然后,总结了“接触式”和“非接触式”岩体弱化方法的机理、具体特点与发展现状,并对比分析了两类岩体弱化方法在辅助高应力硬岩机械破岩领域的发展潜力。最后,展望了以深部高应力硬岩热剥落损伤弱化辅助机械破岩为代表的安全高效连续采矿技术,为深部战略性矿产资源安全保供与深地工程发展提供了有益指导。

The safe and secure supply of strategic mineral resources is an important strategic need of China,and the extraction of mineral resources from the deep earth is an irreplaceable strategy for a long time in the future.To ensure the demand for mineral resources,the safe and efficient mining of high-stress hard rock is a major problem that must be solved in deep mining.Firstly,the technical challenges of deep high-stress hard rock mining and the transformative mining philosophy of“turning harm into benefit”was delineated.And a key engineering countermeasure to weaken the high-stress hard rock before mechanical rock breaking to achieve commercial mining was proposed.Next,the mechanism,characteristics and development status of′contact′and′non-contact′rock weakening methods were summarized,and the potentiality of these two types of rock weakening methods in the field of assisting mechanical breaking of high-stress hard rock was compared and analyzed.Finally,the safe and efficient continuous mining technology represented by mechanical rock breaking with thermal exfoliation damage weakening of deep high-stress hard rock was prospected.It provides useful guidance for the safe and secure supply of deep strategic mineral resources and the development of deep earth engineering.