母亲参与和支持对学前儿童共情能力的影响——亲子关系的中介作用

The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Relationships:The Impact of A Mother’s Involvement and Support on Preschool Children's Empathy

母亲作为育儿责任与育儿活动的主要承担者,为儿童提供生活、教育、心理和游戏等方面的家庭支持,深刻影响着母子关系的建构与儿童共情能力的发展。为探讨母亲参与和支持对学前儿童共情能力的影响机制,本研究采取分层抽样的方式,选取河南省684位学前儿童母亲为研究对象,采用家庭参与和支持测量量表、亲子关系量表和学前儿童共情能力与行为评定量表进行问卷调查。结果显示:母亲参与和支持、亲子关系及学前儿童共情能力三者之间存在显著的正向相关;母子亲密和母子冲突在母亲参与和支持及其各个维度与学前儿童共情能力之间存在显著的中介效应。因此,母亲可通过调整个人支持结构来削减亲子冲突,增强亲子亲密,从而提升学前儿童的共情能力,促进学前儿童的社会性发展。

As the primary caregiver responsible for child-rearing duties and activities,mothers provide support to their families in various aspects such as daily life,education,psychology,and play.This support profoundly influences the construction of mother-child relationships and the development of children's empathy.To explore the mechanism of the impact of a mother's involvement and support on the empathy of preschool children,this study employed a stratified sampling method.We selected 684 mothers of preschool children in Henan Province as research subjects and used questionnaires,including the Family Involvement and Support Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,and Children's Empathy Scale.The results showed a significant positive correlation between a mother's involvement and support,parent-child relationships,and the empathy of preschool children.Maternal intimacy and conflict with children played a significant mediating role in the relationship between a mother's involvement and support and its various dimensions and the empathy of preschool children.Therefore,by adjusting their personal support structures,mothers can reduce parent-child conflicts and enhance parentchild intimacy,thereby improving the empathy of preschool children and promoting their social development.