国际视野下我国中小学教师固定与灵活工时结合制探究

A Study on the Combination of Fixed and Flexible Working Hours for Teachers in China from an International Perspective

非教学工时过长是各国中小学教师负担表面成因,而相对固定的“八小时五天工作制”是其深层根源所在。精减相对固定的学校常规工作时间并构建灵活可选择的创新工作时间,形成固定与灵活工时结合制工作模式,是减轻教师负担的关键。文章基于常规工时与兼职工时国际数据,论述了我国实行中小学教师“4+(1+1)”四天固定与两天灵活工时结合制的合理性,分析了结合制的关键是“师资—课程—生源”在固定与灵活时间之间延续且异质组合,并探讨了结合制的第二方案,即“6(6.5)+(1.5+1.5)小时”固定与灵活工时结合制的国际适用性。这种创新的工时制对于促进教师减负性发展具有重要意义。

Excessive non-teaching hours are the superficial cause of teachers’workloads in various countries,while the relatively fixed“eight-hour five-day workday”is the underlying cause.The key is to reduce the relatively fixed working hours of the school and establish new working hours that are flexible and selectable,and form a combination of fixed and flexible working hours.Based on the international data of regular working hours and part-time working hours,this paper discusses the rationality of the“4+(1+1)”fixed and flexible working hours combination system for primary and secondary school teachers in China,and analyzes that the key to the“combined system”is“différance”of teachers-curriculum-students crossing fixed and flexible time.Finally,this paper analyzes the international applicability of the second scheme,which is a combination of fixed and flexible“6(6.5)+(1.5+1.5)”hours per workday.With these,this paper constructs the mechanism of teacher development as workload reliefs.