硒的提取与提纯研究现状

Research Status of Extraction and Purification of Scattered Metal Selenium

稀散金属硒由于独特的光电性质被广泛应用于高新技术领域。世界上90%以上的硒产生于铜阳极泥的综合处理过程,少部分从汞炱、烟尘、酸泥以及半导体等废料中提取。本文概述了硒资源的状况,重点阐述了硒的提取与提纯研究现状。硒的提取方法目前主要有全湿法、火法—湿法联合法。硫酸化焙烧法因设备较简单,提取率较高,操作方便,逐步成为提取硒的主导工艺。硒提纯主要方法有物理法、化学法、物理-化学联合法。预处理—物理提纯法具有原料适应性强、金属回收率高、产品质量好等特性被广泛应用,在大规模生产精硒方面具有较强的工业应用前景。

Scattered metal selenium is widely used in high-tech fields because of its unique photoelectric properties.More than 90%of the world′s selenium is produced in the comprehensive treatment process of copper anode slime,and a small part is extracted from mercury soot,dust,acid mud and semiconductor waste.In this paper,the status of selenium resources was summarized,with emphasis on the research status of selenium extraction and purification.At present,the main extraction methods of selenium are full wet method,fire-wet combined method.Because of its simple equipment,high extraction rate and convenient operation,the sulfation roasting method gradually become the main extraction process of selenium.The main purification methods of selenium include physical method,chemical method and physical-chemical combination method.The pretreatment-physical purification method is widely used for its strong adaptability of raw materials,high metal recovery and good product quality,and has a strong industrial application prospect in large-scale production of refined selenium.