The application of metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for lithium-ion capacitors

金属有机框架及其衍生物在锂离子电容器中的应用

There is an urgent need for lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)that have both high energy and high power densities to meet the continuously growing energy storage demands.LICs effectively balance the high energy density of traditional rechargeable batteries with the superior power density and long life of supercapacitors(SCs).Nevertheless,the development of LICs is still hampered by limited kinetic processes and capacity mismatch between the cathode and anode.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have received significant attention because of their extensive specific surface area,different pore structures and topologies,and customizable functional sites,making them compelling candidate materials for achieving high-performance LICs.MOF-derived carbons,known for their exceptional electronic conductivity and large surface area,provide improved charge storage and rapid ion transport.MOF-derived transition metal oxides contribute to high specific capacities and improved electrochemical stability.Additionally,MOF-derived metal compounds/carbons provide combined effects that increase both the capacitive and Faradaic reactions,leading to a superior overall performance.The review begins with an overview of the fundamental principles of LICs,followed by an exploration of synthesis strategies and ligand selection for MOF-based composite materials.It then analyzes the advantages of original MOFs and their derived materials,such as carbon materials and metal compounds,in enhancing LIC performance.Finally,the review discusses the major challenges faced by MOFs and their derivatives in LIC applications and offers future research directions and recommendations.

为满足不断增长的能源存储需求,迫切需要既有高能量密度又具有高功率密度的能源存储装置。锂离子电容器(LICs)可有效平衡传统电池的高能量密度与超级电容器(SCs)的卓越功率密度和长寿命。然而,LICs的发展面临着正负极之间动力学过程和容量不匹配的问题。金属有机框架(MOFs)及其衍生物具有大的比表面积、丰富的孔结构、多样的拓扑结构以及可定制的活性位点而受到广泛关注,成为实现高性能LICs的有力候选材料。MOF衍生炭因其高的电导性和大的比表面积,可提供更多电荷存储位点和快速离子传输通道。MOF衍生的过渡金属氧化物具有高比容量和优异的电化学稳定性。此外,MOF衍生的金属化合物/炭之间的协同效应,增强了电容性和法拉第反应,从而有利于提高其整体电化学性能。本综述系统总结了MOFs及其衍生物在LICs领域的最新研究进展。文章首先概述了LICs的基本原理,然后探讨了MOF基复合材料的合成策略及配体选择。接着,分析了原始MOFs及其衍生材料(如碳材料和金属化合物)在提升LICs性能方面的优势。最后,本文讨论了MOFs及其衍生物在LICs应用中所面临的主要挑战,并提出了未来研究的方向和建议。