刑法介入互联网平台垄断行为再审思:逻辑、边界与落地——对反垄断法中刑事责任条款的理解与适用

Rethinking the Criminal Law Intervention in Internet Platform Monopoly Behavior:Logic,Boundary and Implementation——The Understanding and Application of the Criminal Liability Clause of the Antimonopoly Law

数字经济领域平台垄断行为不同于传统市场竞争条件下的限制或排除竞争行为,跨界竞争、多边竞争、数据竞争、算法竞争等全新竞争特性大大提升了市场的反竞争效果。法秩序统一原理和刑事法治现代化分别从法的价值理性和实践理性层面论证了刑法介入平台垄断行为的正当性,并不是对刑法谦抑性的背离,而是发展。对平台垄断行为刑法规制的关键是合理确定刑法介入边界问题。平台反垄断的刑法边界创设应是往返于严重法益侵害性一般标准和行为类型化评价特殊标准之间并基于不同主体间视域融合的动态边界构造。宜在我国刑法中增设滥用市场支配地位罪、协议垄断罪、经营者非法集中罪和行政垄断罪,从刑罚制度、裁量和执行等方面完善包括平台主体在内垄断犯罪的刑罚制度,对平台垄断犯罪行为的追诉宜采取专属告发模式,对涉及平台垄断犯罪的刑事审判适用普通程序。

The platform monopoly behavior in the field of digital economy is different from the restrictive or exclusionary competitive behavior under traditional market competition conditions.The new competitive characteristics such as cross-border competition,multilateral competition,data competition and algorithm com‐petition have greatly improved the anti-competitive effect of the market.The principle of the unity of law and order and the modernization of criminal rule of law respectively demonstrate the legitimacy of criminal law’s intervention in platform monopoly behavior from the perspective of value rationality and practical rationality of law,which is not a departure from the modesty of criminal law but a development.The key to regulating plat‐form monopoly behavior in criminal law is to reasonably determine the boundary of criminal law intervention.The establishment of the criminal law boundary for platform antimonopoly should be a dynamic boundary con‐struction based on the fusion of different perspectives between the general standard of serious legal infringe‐ment and the special standard of behavior type evaluation.It is advisable to add the crimes of abusing market dominance,agreement monopoly,illegal concentration of operators,and administrative monopoly in China’s criminal law.It is suggested to improve the criminal punishment system for monopoly crimes,including plat‐form entities,from the aspects of punishment system,discretion and execution.It is suggested to adopt an exclu‐sive reporting model for the prosecution of platform monopoly crimes.And it is suggested to apply ordinary procedures to criminal trials involving platform monopoly crimes.