审视“南方”:客家女性书写的主体阙如与文化经验

Examining the“South”:The Subjects’Absence and Cultural Experience of Hakka Female Writing

客家地区浓厚的宗族文化与因迁移形成的族群结构,使客家人拥有独特的风俗习惯和生活观念。客家人在“耕读传家”“艰苦奋斗”“敢闯敢干”的精神传承中形成了勤劳勇敢、坚忍内敛的群体性格特征。同时,祖辈相传的宗族观念根深蒂固地存在于客家人的精神之中,成为他们的人生规范和行为准则。客籍作家,以文学的方式将客家女性在旧的历史时代中的生存境遇与文化经验层层揭示出来,不仅反映出客家文化对女性的品格形成与个体命运的影响,而且与新社会、新时代的文化空间、生存场域形成了鲜明的对照。文章从“新南方写作”的视域,重新审视处于传统客家文化规约下的客家女性的人生选择与文化认同,旨在探知客家女性在历史化中主体构建的复杂性与可能性。

The strong clan culture of the Hakka region and the community structure formed by migration have given the Hakka people unique customs and concepts of life.The Hakka people have formed the character traits of hardworking,courageous,tough and introverted under the spirit of“cultivation and study”,“hard struggle”and“daring to break through and do something”.At the same time,the clan concept passed down from generation to generation is deeply rooted in the hearts of the Hakka people,and has become their life norms and code of conduct.Hakka writers have revealed the living conditions and cultural experiences of Hakka female in the old historical era in a literary way,not only reflecting the influence of Hakka culture on the formation of female’s character and individual destiny,but also forming a sharp contrast with the cultural space and living field of the new society and new era.The article re-examines the life choices and cultural identity of Hakka female under the constraints of traditional Hakka culture from the perspective of“New South Writing”,and aiming to explore the complexity and possibilities of Hakka female’s subjectivity construction in historici‐zation.