从服务到参与:公立研究型大学何以高质量服务社会——以加州大学洛杉矶分校为例

From Service to Engagement:How Public Research Universities Can Serve Society with High Quality——A Case Study of UCLA

随着时代的发展,高校社会服务已从“提供服务”走向“全面参与”,实现了育人使命与社会发展的双向融合。为将社会服务使命落到实处,20世纪60年代以来,在学术参与理念的影响下,以加州大学洛杉矶分校为代表的美国公立研究型大学建立了较为完善的社会服务体系,包括战略迭代的顶层设计、系统完善的社会服务课程和活动、内外联动的资源汇聚机制、与院系平行的服务组织机构,以及规范导向的服务支撑保障。公立研究型大学社会服务呈现出“自为”与“外塑”的统一,高校主导与社会参与的统一,面向全球与服务本土的统一等特点。借鉴美国经验,我国研究型大学可从“服务”和“参与”的统一,加强社会服务课程化探索,畅通参与机制,强化机构建设,健全评价体系等方面着手,为研究型大学高质量发展出谋划策。

As time goes by,the social service of universities has shifted from“offering service”to“full engagement”,achieving a dual integration of the educating mission and social development.In order to put the mission of social service into practice,since the 1960s,under the influence of the scholarship engagement theory,UCLA,one of the American public research universities,has established a relatively complete social service system,including the strategic top-level design,the well-structured social service curriculum and activities,the interactive resource aggregation mechanism,the well-established service organization paralleled with the colleges,as well as the standardized service guarantee mechanism.The social service of public research universities is characterized by the unity of“internal achievement”and“external value offering”,the unity of university-led and diversified social participation,and the combination of global outreach with local service.Drawing on the experience of the United States,China’s research universities can start with the unity of“service”to“engagement”,explore social service curricular,facilitate participation mechanism,strengthen the construction of management institutions,and improve the evaluation system,so as to provide advice for the high-quality development of research universities.