国际视野下基础教育阶段“课程负担过重”问题及应对研究

Problems and Countermeasures of Curriculum Overload in Basic Education from an International Perspective

课程负担是课业负担的直接来源,“课程负担过重”已日益成为各国基础教育改革发展中面临的共性问题。一是社会发展对人才和教育提出了更高的要求;二是课程体系在实现阶段性“质变”之前,要忍受漫长的社会需求和学习内容持续增加的“量变”过程;三是政策执行偏差导致非预期性增负。许多国家和地区已经尝试了一些“减负”举措,但总体收效甚微。“减负”虽名为“减”,但政府的功夫应下在“增”上,即提高教育质量,增大优质教育资源供给;选拔性考试的“减负”改革则应重在破解“减负”中的“囚徒困境”。

Curriculum load is the direct source of study load.Curriculum overload has increasingly become a common issue in the reform and development of basic education in many countries.First,with the development of society,there are higher demands for talents and education;Second,the curriculum system has to endure a prolonged period of quantitative expansion of social demands and learning content before triggering qualitative revolution;Third,the deviations in policy implementation lead to unexpected increases in the curriculum load.Some countries and regions have taken measures to respond to the challenge,but the overall effect proved to be limited.Although the final goal is to reduce the load,the government should focus on“increase”—that is,improving the quality of education and expanding access to high-quality education resources.As for the reform of selective examinations,the key lies in breaking through the“prisoner’s dilemma”of burden alleviation.