美国乡村学校在地化教育:目标、内容与实施策略

Place-based Education of Rural Schools in the United States:Goals,Contents and Strategies

美国乡村学校在地化教育是面向乡村的教育问题和社会问题而实施的一种发展策略。它致力于通过重构教育内容和革新教育路径,帮助乡村学校教育在标准化教育的统一性、当地学情的特殊性与地方发展的差异性之间实现兼顾和平衡,帮助学生在自我发展同国家和当地的可持续发展之间实现良性互动,主要目标是提高学生的学业成就、促进学生的生活参与、增强学生的在地情感。美国乡村学校在地化教育由标准化教育的在地化改造和地方资源的教育化整合两部分内容构成,二者相互补充、彼此支持,在具体实践中时常界线模糊并融通于课程之中。在实践环节,美国乡村学校在地化教育要求树立扎根当地的教育理念,拓展村校联动的教育空间,调动学生的主体性,开展反思型的教育评价。在地化教育对美国乡村地区的教育发展产生了积极影响,可供我国乡村教育的发展改革参考。

The place-based education in American rural schools is a development strategy mainly aimed at education problems and other related social problems in rural areas.By reconstructing educational content and innovating educational paths,this strategy strives to help school education in these areas achieve a balance between the uniformity of standardized education,the particularity of local learning conditions and the differences in local development,and promote a positive interaction between students’personal development and national and local sustainable development.There are three main goals of place-based education,i.e.,improving students’academic achievement,promoting their participation in public life,and elevating their sense of place.The place-based education in American rural schools consists of two main components:the place-based adaptation of standardization education and the educational integration of local resources.They complement each other and embrace integration,and their boundaries are often blurred in curriculum implementation.In practice,place-based education involves establishing educational concept rooted in local community,to expand the educational space of village-school coupling development,to trigger students’active participation,and to carry out reflective educational evaluation.Place-based education has had a positive impact on rural education in America,which can be used as a reference for the reform of rural education in China.