宁夏春小麦品种产量及品质性状的抗旱性评价

Dorught resistance evaluation of yield and quality traitsof spring wheat varieties in Ningxia

为明确干旱胁迫对宁夏春麦产量及品质的影响,筛选优质、耐旱春小麦品种,以宁夏灌区的20份春小麦主栽品种(系)为试验材料,采用双因素裂区试验,以灌水量为主区,不同小麦品种为副区,比较分析了不同处理下小麦产量及品质的差异。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,小麦的穗粒数、有效穗数以及产量显著减少,其平均值分别减少了10.19%、11.01%和39.13%,但宁春39号、宁春50号、宁2038等品种的穗粒数与宁春54号、永08-1等品种的有效穗数并未减少,小麦千粒重、可孕小穗及平均穗长变化不显著。干旱胁迫下,小麦籽粒的容重、蛋白质含量与沉降值整体有所增加,其平均值分别增加了0.76%、14.17%、11.44%,但硬度、湿面筋含量、吸水量及最大拉伸阻力因基因型不同而有明显差异,且最大拉伸阻力变化幅度最大,变幅在-17.72%~46.55%之间,显著增加的品种占比居多,分别是宁春4号、39号、41号、51号、54号、56号、57号、58号、60号、61号、永良15号、永08-1及永3463等13个品种。通过隶属函数法得出抗旱综合指标值排名靠前的品种有宁春54号、宁春56号、宁春39号与宁春50号等品种,且在干旱胁迫下宁春54号、宁春52号与永良15号均具有较好的产量与品质表现,该群体小麦平均产量为4 031 kg·hm^(-2),品质指标除稳定时间外均达到国家小麦强筋二级水平;综合抗旱评价与聚类分析结果表明宁春54号在干旱条件下具有较好的综合表现。

To understand the effects of drought stress on yield and quality of spring wheat in Ningxia,20 spring wheat varieties(lines) with good quality and drought tolerance were selected,a two-factor split plot experiment was conducted to compare the differences in yield and quality of wheat under different irrigation treatments.The results showed that the grain number per ear,number of effective panicles and yield of wheat decreased significantly by 10.19%,11.01% and 39.13% respectively under drought stress,but the number of grains per ear of Ningchun 39,Ningchun 50,Ning 2038 and the number of effective panicles of Ningchun 54,Yong 08-1 did not decrease,and the change of 1000-grain weight,fertile spikelet and average spike length was not significant.The bulk density,protein content and sedimentation value were increased by 0.76%,14.17% and 11.44% respectively under drought stress,however,the hardness,wet gluten content,water absorption andmaximum tensile resistance were significantly affected by different genotype.In addition,the maximum tensile resistance had the largest variation range from-17.72% to 46.55%.Most of the varieties increased significantly,including Ningchun 4,Ningchun 39,Ningchun 41,Ningchun51,Ningchun54,Ningchun56,Ningchun57,Ningchun 58,Ningchun 60,Ningchun 61,Yongliang 15,Yong 08-1 and Yong 3463.According to the subordinate function method,Ningchun 54,Ningchun 56,Ningchun 39 and Ningchun 50 were the top drought-resistant varieties.Ningchun 54,Ningchun 52 and Yongliang 15 had better yield and quality under drought stress,the yield of this population was 4 031 kg·hm^(-2),and the quality indexes reached the second level of national strong gluten level except the stable time.It is inferred that Ningchun 54 may have a better comprehensive performance in arid regions based on the results of drought resistance evaluation and cluster analysis.