基于Halbach阵列的永磁悬浮车辆悬浮系统磁力特性研究

Magnetic Force Characteristics of Permanent Maglev Vehicle Levitation System Based on Halbach Array

提出对Halbach阵列永磁体进行尺寸参数优化,研究不同参数对永磁悬浮系统横向刚度问题的影响。以斥力型跨座式永磁悬浮车辆的悬浮永磁体模块为例,运用正弦法对悬浮永磁体的Halbach阵列磁场进行解析,利用Maxwell方法推导出永磁体的横向力和悬浮力随横向位移变化的公式,确定要优化的三个尺寸参数分别为:永磁体厚度、永磁体宽度和相邻两块永磁体的磁化角度差。利用软件COMSOL建立磁力模型,分析永磁悬浮模型在发生横向位移时,不同尺寸参数对模型产生的横向力和横向刚度的影响。仿真分析表明:增大永磁体的厚度会增大永磁悬浮系统的最大横向力和横向刚度;永磁体宽度的改变在一定范围内对永磁悬浮系统的横向刚度影响较小;减小相邻两块永磁体的磁化角度差,会在减小最大横向力的同时减小横向刚度,角度从90°减小到45°,横向刚度减小了58.4%。所得结论对永磁悬浮式磁浮车辆悬浮永磁体的设计和选择提供了一定参考。

To address the lateral stiffness problem of permanent magnetic levitation(PML),we propose to optimize the dimensional parameters of Halbach array permanent magnets to study the effect of different parameters on the lateral stiffness problem of PML.Taking the levitated permanent magnet module of the repulsion-type straddle-seat permanent magnetic levitation train as an example,the sinusoidal method is applied to analyze the magnetic field of the Halbach array of the levitated permanent magnets,and Maxwell's euquations are used to derive the formulas of the lateral force and levitation force of the permanent magnets as a function of lateral displacement,and to determine the three dimensional parameters to be optimized,namely,the thickness of the permanent magnets,the width of the permanent magnets,and the difference in the magnetization angle of the two neighboring permanent magnets.The software COMSOL is used to establish a magnetic force model to analyze the effects of different size parameters on the lateral force and lateral stiffness generated by the PML model when lateral displacement occurs.The simulation analysis shows that:increasing the thickness of the permanent magnet will increase the maximum lateral force and lateral stiffness of the PML;the change of the width of the permanent magnet has a small effect on the lateral stiffness of the PML within a certain range,but it will increase the maximum lateral force in the process of lateral displacement;decreasing the difference in the magnetization angle of the two neighboring permanent magnets will reduce the maximum lateral force and the lateral stiffness at the same time,and with the difference in the magnetization angle between the two adjacent permanent magnets,the maximum lateral force will be reduced,and with the difference in the magnetization angle between the two neighboring permanent magnets,the lateral stiffness will be reduced;reducing the difference in the magnetization angle between two adjacent permanent magnets reduces both the maximum transverse force and the transverse stiffness,showing a 58.4%reduction in transverse stiffness when the angle is reduced from 90°to 45°.The results provide a reference for the design and selection of permanent magnets for the levitation of PML trains.