外商直接投资对高技术产业出口技术复杂度的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Export Technical Sophistication of High-tech Industries

高技术产业出口技术复杂度是衡量一个国家科技水平和创新能力的重要指标。本文基于中国2002—2021年省际面板数据,探究外商直接投资对高技术产业出口技术复杂度的影响。研究发现,外商直接投资能显著促进高技术产业出口技术复杂度提高。机制分析表明,外商直接投资通过促进高技术产业技术创新推动高技术产业出口技术复杂度提升,金融发展水平则强化了这种影响,当全社会研发水平超过一定的门槛值时,这种提升作用会更加明显。异质性分析表明,外商直接投资对高技术产业出口技术复杂度的促进作用在经济发达的东部地区以及对于技术研发要求更高的航空航天业表现得更加明显。进一步从时间和空间两个维度研究表明,外商直接投资对高技术产业出口技术复杂度的促进作用不仅具有长期效应,还具有空间溢出效应,能辐射带动邻近地区的高技术产业出口技术复杂度提升。因此,在中国经济转型的关键时期,持续优化外商投资环境对于中国的经济发展和国际竞争力具有重要意义。

The export technical sophistication of high-tech industries is an important indicator to measure a country's scientific and technological level and innovation capability.Based on panel data at the provincial level in China from 2002 to 2021,this article explores the impact of foreign direct investment on the export technical sophistication of high-tech industries.Research has found that foreign direct investment can significantly increase export technical sophistication in high-tech industries.Mechanism analysis indicates that foreign direct investment promotes the enhancement of the technological complexity of high-tech industry exports by fostering technological innovation within these industries.When the level of research and development in the whole society surpasses a certain threshold,this improvement effect will be more apparent.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promoting effect of foreign direct investment on the export technical sophistication of high-tech industries is more pronounced in economically developed eastern regions and aerospace industries with higher requirements for technology research and development.Further researches from both temporal and spatial dimensions indicate that the promoting effect of foreign direct investment on the export technical sophistication of high-tech industries not only has longterm effects,but also has spatial spillover effects,which can radiate and drive the increase of export technical sophistication of high-tech industries in neighboring regions.Therefore,during the critical period of China's economic transition,continuously optimizing the foreign investment environment is of great significance for China's economic development and international competitiveness.