美国制裁与国内阻断法下企业的困境及出路

The Predicament and Solutions for Enterprises under U.S. Sanctions and Domestic Blocking Laws

在美国制裁不断扩张的背景下,阻断体系的建立使企业陷入遵守制裁法和阻断法的两难境地。为了维护企业利益,应当从企业自救和完善国内阻断法体系两个角度出发。企业方面,在面对制裁时,应加强同其他企业的合作,并积极寻求美国国内和国际层面的救济途径。同时,企业应严格遵守阻断法,并将其作为自我保护的法律依据。国家方面,为更好地维护企业利益并释放更多的生存空间,我国的阻断体系需要进一步完善。在发布禁令上,除了被动报告外,还应赋予工作机制主动认定的权力,即主动发布属于禁令范围的法律,以供企业参考。在豁免机制和政府支持上,应落实相关的实体及程序的规定,并明确违反阻断法的处罚标准。此外,阻断法中的追偿诉讼也应更好地与国内民事法律体系相衔接,为诉讼提供合理、正当的法律依据。

Against the backdrop of the continuous expansion of U.S.sanctions,the establishment of blocking systems has placed enterprises in a dilemma between complying with sanction laws and blocking laws.To protect the interests of enterprises,solutions should be sought from both the perspective of corporate self-improvement and the improvement of the domestic blocking law system.On the corporate side,when facing sanctions,enterprises should strengthen cooperation with other companies and actively seek remedies at both domestic and international levels.Additionally,enterprises should strictly abide by the blocking laws and use them as a legal basis for self-protection.On the national side,to better safeguard the interests of the enterprises and provide more room for survival,the blocking system in China needs further improvement.In issuing prohibitions,beyond passive reporting,the working mechanism should also be granted the power to proactively identify and issue laws that fall within the scope of prohibitions for enterprises'reference.In terms of exemption mechanism and government support,relevant substantive and procedural provisions should be implemented,and the standards for penalties that violate the blocking laws should be clarified.Furthermore,recovery litigation under blocking laws should be better integrated with the domestic civil legal system to provide reasonable and legitimate legal grounds for litigation.