“走出去”促进中国制造业的产业链供应链安全了吗?——基于出口企业中间品贸易网络的视角

Has"Going Out"Promoted Industrial Chain and Supply Chain Security of China's Manufacturing Industry:From the Perspective of the Intermediate Goods Trade Network of Export Enterprises

在全球产业链加速重构的背景下,提升中间品的全球配置能力,维护产业链供应链安全是建设贸易强国的首要保障。文章以出口企业为样本,探究了对外直接投资在提升产业链供应链安全中的微观作用机制。借助PageRank算法引入中间品贸易网络地位指标衡量产业链供应链安全,进一步地,利用对外直接投资名录与匹配的2000—2013年工企和海关微观企业数据,展开相应的实证研究。研究发现:对外直接投资显著提升了企业的中间品贸易网络中心度,使用倾向得分匹配及工具变量法缓解内生性之后,回归结果依然稳健。影响机制研究表明,对外直接投资节约了企业的交易成本、增强企业自主创新能力,同时又促进了企业的市场势力提升,这是对外直接投资提升中间品贸易网络中心度,维护产业链供应链安全的主要渠道。拓展分析发现,中等技术水平的企业、位于东部地区的企业以及投资于“一带一路”沿线国家的企业,其对外直接投资更有助于提升产业链供应链安全。文章的研究对通过对外直接投资主动布局全球产业链,以应对全球产业链重构冲击有重要的政策启示意义。

Against the backdrop of accelerated restructuring of the global industrial chain,enhancing the global allocation capability of intermediate goods and maintaining the security of the industrial and supply chains are the primary guarantees for building a strong trading nation.This article takes export enterprises as samples to explore the micro mechanism of OFDI in enhancing the security of industrial and supply chains.By using the PageRank algorithm to introduce the intermediate goods trade network status indicator to measure the security of the industrial chain and supply chain,further empirical research is conducted using the outward FDI directory and matching micro enterprise data of industrial enterprises and customs from 2000 to 2013.Research has found that outward FDI significantly improves the centrality of the intermediate goods trade network of enterprises.After using propensity score matching and instrumental variable methods to alleviate endogeneity,the regression results remain robust.Research on the impact mechanism shows that outward FDI saves transaction costs for enterprises,enhances their independent innovation capabilities,and promotes the improvement of their market power.This is the main channel for outward FDI to enhance the centrality of intermediate goods trade network and maintain the security of industrial and supply chains.Further analysis has found that the outward FDI of enterprises with medium technology level,enterprises located in the eastern region,and enterprises investing in countries along the"Belt and Road"is more conducive to improving the security of industrial and supply chains.The research in this article has important policy implications for actively laying out the global industrial chain through outward direct investment to cope with the impact of global industrial chain restructuring.