水肥耦合对硒砂瓜产量和品质的影响

The Effect of Water Fertilizer Coupling on the Yield and Quality of Selenium Sand Melon

[目的]探究宁夏中部干旱带膜下滴灌条件下种植硒砂瓜适宜的水肥组合模式。[方法]以当地主栽品种“金城5号”为供试材料,设置3个灌溉梯度和3个施肥水平,共计9个处理,测定不同处理下硒砂瓜的生长指标、果实纵径和横径、产量及品质指标。通过主成分分析筛选关键指标,评价灌水量和施肥量对硒砂瓜各项指标的影响。[结果]硒砂瓜的产量和品质均受灌水量、施肥量及水肥交互效应的影响,且水肥交互效应的影响高于灌水量和施肥量。W_(2)F_(2)处理产量、中心和边际可溶性固形物含量显著提高,中边差较小,硒砂瓜甜度均匀,提高了硒砂瓜口感和品质。基于主成分分析将品质指标、产量、灌溉水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力12项指标转换为2个独立的综合指标,其累计贡献率高达89.244%。W_(2)F_(2)处理的水肥耦合效应综合得分最高。[结论]宁夏中部干旱带硒砂瓜适宜的水肥组合模式是灌水定额为210 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施肥定额为300 kg/hm^(2)。

[Objective]In order to investigate the suitable water-fertilizer combination pattern for selenium melon grown under drip irrigation in the arid zone of central Ningxia.[Method]The local main cultivar“Jincheng 5”was used as the test material,and three irrigation gradients and three fertilizer levels were set up,with a total of nine treatments,to determine the growth indexes of selenium squash,fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters,yields and quality indexes of selenium squash under different treatments.The key indexes were screened by principal component analysis to evaluate the combined effects of irrigation volume and fertilizer application on the indexes of selenium melon.[Result]The results show that irrigation volume,fertilizer application rate,and water-fertilizer interaction effect all affected the yield and quality of selenium melon to different degrees,and the water-fertilizer interaction effect was higher than that of irrigation volume and fertilizer application rate.The W_(2)F_(2) treatment significantly increased the yield of selenium melon,the content of central and marginal soluble solids,reduced the middle and marginal differences,and made the selenium melon sweetness uniform,which improved the taste and quality of selenium melon.Based on the principal component analysis,12 indicators of quality index,yield,irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer bias productivity were converted into 2 independent composite indicators,whose cumulative contribution was as high as 89.244%.The W_(2)F_(2) treatment had the highest composite score of water-fertilizer coupling effect.[Conclusion]The suitable water-fertilizer combination pattern for selenium melon in the central arid zone of Ningxia was an irrigation watering rate of 210 m^(3)/hm^(2) and a fertilizer application rate of 300 kg/hm^(2).