不同叶果比对沃柑果实分级和养分分配的影响

Effects of Different Leaf Fruit Ratio on Fruit Grading and Nutrient Distribution in‘Orah’Mandarin

研究不同叶果比对沃柑果实分级和养分分配的影响,筛选沃柑在栽培中最适合的叶果比。通过进行疏果处理,调查不同叶果比条件下不同分级果实个数和产量,分析相关性;研究叶片和果实中大量营养元素差异特征,并分析沃柑周年营养变化特征。结果表明,沃柑叶果比与株产量、果实个数呈负相关,与平均果径和70~80及80 mm以上果实比例呈正相关。当叶果比在30~40时,70~80及80 mm以上果实比例最高,沃柑最适叶果比为30~40。在膨果期,当叶果比为15、30、60时,叶片中的全氮含量显著高于果实;叶果比为60时,果实中全磷含量高于叶片;叶果比为30和60时,果实中的全钾含量高于叶片。此外,沃柑中大量营养元素在果实膨大初期5—7月的含量最高。综合比较认为,栽培中沃柑最适宜的叶果比为30~40,沃柑大量营养管理时主要在膨果期对树体提供充足的养分。该研究为广西地区沃柑栽培中重要园艺疏花疏果和营养管理提供重要的数据支持。

Different leaf/fruit treatment was conducted to study the effects on fruit grading and nutrient distribution in‘Orah’mandarin,and to screen the most suitable leaf/fruit ratio of‘Orah’mandarin during cultivation.Fruit thinning was conducted.The fruit number and yield of different grading fruit were investigated under different leaf/fruit ratio,and the correlation was analyzed.The difference of macronutrients in leaves and fruits were determined and the characteristics of nutrient changes were analyzed during the whole growth period.The results showed that the leaf/fruit ratio was negatively correlated with yield,fruit number of whole tree,and positively correlated with average fruit diameter and ratio of 70-80 and>80 mm grading.When the leaf/fruit ratio was 30-40,the ratio of 70-80 and>80 mm grading was the highest,and the optimal leaf/fruit ratio was 30-40.At fruit enlargement stage,the content of nitrogen in the leaves was significantly higher than that in fruits at 15,30 and 60 leaf/fruit ratio.The content of phosphorus in fruits was significantly higher than that in leaves at 60 leaf/fruit ratio.The content of potassium in the fruits were significantly higher than that in leaves at 30 and 60 leaf/fruit ratio.In addition,the content of macronutrients was highest from May to July at the early stage of fruit enlargement.It was concluded that the optimal leaf/fruit ratio was 30-40,and adequate nutrients should be provided to the fruit trees during the fruit enlargement period.This study provides important data support for fruit thinning and nutrient management of‘Orah’mandarin in Guangxi.