水改性生物炭及其浸提液对烤烟生长发育的影响

Effects of Water-modified Biochar and Its Extract on the Growth and Development of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探究水改性生物炭及其浸提液对烤烟生长发育与品质的影响,采取室外盆栽方式,设6个处理,新鲜生物炭(X0)、水改性生物炭(WZ)、水改性生物炭浸提液原液(W0)、水改性生物炭浸提液稀释50倍(W50)、水改性生物炭浸提液稀释100倍(W100)、常规施肥(CK)。结果表明:施用水改性生物炭和不同倍数的浸提液能够促进烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累量、烟株氮磷钾积累量等指标提升。在烤烟团棵期,WZ处理的株高和最大叶长,较CK分别增加了75.85%和20.58%,其根和叶积累量较CK分别增加89.05%和61.27%;在烤烟旺长期,WZ处理烤烟根、茎、叶生物量积累量较CK分别增长了33.89%、41.15%、46.50%;在烟株现蕾期,根体积以X0处理最优,较CK增长了69.91%;WZ处理烟株主根长达到最大值54.13 cm,较CK增长16.84%,且达到显著差异;除W0处理外,其余处理烟株根系活力均显著高于CK;W100处理的叶片氮积累量较X0处理提高了26.72%,磷积累量较CK提高118.18%;WZ处理根、叶及整株烟的钾积累量最高,与CK相比均达到显著差异,其中根和叶的钾积累量较对照组分别提升37.50%和86.09%,而浸提液不同稀释处理间叶片钾积累量差异不显著。直接施用水改性生物炭固体和浸提液可促进烤烟生长,提高产量和质量。

In order to explore the effects of water-modified biochar and its extract on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco,six treatments were set up in this study,fresh biochar(X0),water-modified biochar(WZ),water-modified biochar extract stock solution(W0),water-modified biochar extract diluted 50 times(W50),water-modified biochar extract diluted 100 times(W100),conventional fertilization(CK).The results showed that the application of water-modified biochar and different multiple extracts could promote the improvement of agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of flue-cured tobacco.In the rosette stage of flue-cured tobacco,the plant height and maximum leaf length of WZ treatment increased by 75.85% and 20.58% respectively compared with CK treatment,and the accumulation of root and leaf increased by 89.05% and 61.27% respectively compared with CK treatment.In the vigorous growth period of flue-cured tobacco,the biomass accumulation of root,stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco in WZ treatment increased by 33.89%,41.15% and 46.50% respectively compared with CK treatment.At the squaring stage of tobacco plants,the root volume of X0 treatment was the best,which increased by 69.91% compared with the control treatment.The main root length of tobacco plants treated with WZ reached the maximum value of 54.13 cm,which was 16.84% higher than that of CK treatment,and reached a significant difference.Except for W0 treatment,the root activity of tobacco plants in other treatments was significantly higher than that in CK treatment.The leaf nitrogen accumulation of W100 treatment was 26.72% higher than that of X0 treatment,and the phosphorus accumulation was 118.18% higher than that of CK treatment.The potassium accumulation in root,leaf and whole plant of WZ treatment was the highest,which was significantly different from that of CK.The potassium accumulation in root and leaf increased by 37.50% and 86.09%,respectively,compared with the control group.There was no significant difference in potassium accumulation in leaves among different dilutions of extract.The direct application of water modified biochar solid and extract could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improve the yield and quality.