新中国政府和市场关系演变述论(1949-2024)

Discourse on the Evolution of the Relationship between the New Chinese Government and the Market(1949-2024)

如何处理经济发展过程中政府和市场的关系,使政府和市场在各自的领域和合理的边界内发挥作用,是新中国经济发展史上一个贯穿始终的问题。改革开放之前我国是单一公有制和计划经济,政府主导,市场式微。改革开放以后,在诱致性变迁下,市场作用逐渐增大,直到1992年党的十四大确定建立社会主义市场经济。此后的20年,中国开始致力于建立和完善市场经济体制,其后为加入WTO,中国加快了政府经济职能转变并鼓励民营经济发展。2001年底加入WTO以后,中国充分利用国内消费结构升级和经济全球化两大机遇期,实现了十年的经济高增长,虽然是政府与市场共同发力,但是两者边界不清问题仍然存在。党的十八大以后,受到世情、国情、党情的深刻影响,在“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局推动下,政府和市场关系发生了一系列新变化。以习近平同志为核心的党中央因势利导,围绕政府和市场关系这个核心问题,把构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制摆在突出位置,对经济体制改革重点领域和关键环节作出部署,主动对政府和市场的关系进行了一系列调整和改革。

How to handle the relationship between the government and the market in the process of economic development,so that the government and the market can play their roles within their respective fields and reasonable boundaries,has been a consistent issue in the history of economic development in New China.Before the reform and opening-up,China had a single public ownership and planned economy,with the government dominating and the market declining.After the reform and opening-up,under the induced changes,the role of the market gradually increased,until the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1992 established the goal of building a socialist market economy.In the following 20 years,China dedicated itself to establishing and improving the market economy system.Subsequently,to join the WTO,China accelerated the transformation of its government economic functions and encouraged the development of the private economy.After joining the WTO at the end of 2001,China fully utilized the two major opportunities of domestic consumption structure upgrading and economic globalization to achieve a decade of high economic growth.Although it was the joint efforts of the government and the market,there were also issues of unclear boundaries between the two.After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the relationship between the government and the market has been deeply influenced by global,national,and party conditions.Under the promotion of The Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy,a series of new changes occurred in this relationship.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,has taken advantage of the situation and focused on the core issue of the relationship between the government and the market.It has placed the construction of a high-level socialist market economy system in a prominent position,made arrangements for key areas and critical links in the reform of the economic system,and has proactively carried out a series of adjustments and reforms to the relationship between government and market.