化肥配施有机液体肥对香梨产量、品质及土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers Combined with Organic Liquid Fertilizers on Yield,Quality,Soil Physical,Chemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure of Fragrant Pear

旨在探究化肥配施有机液体肥对香梨产量和质量、土壤理化性质以及细菌群落结构的影响。以单施化肥(CF)为对照,化肥全量配施有机液体肥(CF100OFL)及化肥减量20%配施有机液体肥(CF80OFL)两种处理,利用Illumina MiSeq平台对土壤细菌群落进行测序分析,同时测定香梨产量和品质以及土壤基本理化性质。结果表明,与CF相比,CF100OFL和CF800OFL处理显著增加香梨单果质量、可溶性固形物含量并降低可滴定酸的含量,CF100OFL和CF800OFL处理的土壤速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量较CF分别提高59.63%、38.52%、12.03%和7.48%、7.29%%、5.92%。同时,两者土壤细菌群落多样性指数(Chao1)分别提高26.91%和13.77%,也提高土壤变形菌门、拟杆菌门、棒状杆菌门以及浮霉菌门的相对丰度,降低放线菌门、酸杆菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度。此外,化肥配施有机液体肥显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性。冗余分析及线性回归分析表明,速效磷、速效钾和土壤含水量是影响细菌群落的主要因子,速效磷、速效钾也是香梨单果质量和单株产量、可溶性固形物含量的主要影响因子。综合考虑产量、品质、土壤以及投入产出等因素,CF80OFL处理通过改变土壤微生物群落结构、提高微生物活性,可有效改善香梨园土壤质量,亦可增加香梨产量和品质。

Effect of combining chemical fertilizer with organic liquid fertilizer on the yield and quality,and soil physical and chemical properties,as well as bacterial community structure of Korla fragrant pear,were studied.Single application of chemical fertilizer(CF)was used as the control,while the full amount of chemical fertilizer combined with organic liquid fertilizer(CF100OFL)and the reduction of 20% of chemical fertilizer combined with organic liquid fertilizer(CF80OFL)were used as different fertilization treatments.The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to perform sequence analysis of soil bacterial community,while the yield and quality of Korla pear and the basic physical and chemical properties of soil were determined.Compared with CF,CF100OFL and CF80OFL treatments significantly increased the single fruit mass,soluble solids and decreased titratable acid content of fragrant pear.In addition,soil available phosphorus and available potassium and organic matter content in CF100OFL and CF80OFL treatments increased by 59.63%,38.52%,12.03% and 7.48%,7.29%,5.92%,respectively.Soil water content,Soil bulk density,pH and alkaline nitrogen also changed,however,no significant difference was observed.The soil bacterial community diversity index(Chao1)increased by 26.91% and 13.77%,respectively.Simultaneously,the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes Rokubacteria and Planctomycetes significantly increased,while the relative abundances of Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae decreased.Redundancy analysis showed that soil available phosphorus,available potassium and soil water content were the major factors affecting bacterial communities.In addition,chemical fertilizer combined with organic liquid fertilizer(CF100OFL and CF80OFL)treatments also significantly increased the activities of soil Catalase,Invertase and Urease activity.Linear regression analysis showed that available phosphorus and available potassium were the two main factors affecting the fruit weight and yield per plant of fragrant pear,and available potassium was the the main factor affecting the soluble solids of fragrant pear.Chemical fertilizer combined with organic liquid fertilizer application could increase the yield and quality of Korla pear and improve the soil physicochemical and microbial community structure.There was no significant difference between CF100OFL and CF80OFL treatments.In terms of yield,quality,soil,and input-output ratio,the CF80OFL treatment is the most beneficial to increase the yield of Korla Pear and improve its fruit quality during the green cultivation of Korla pear.