木央苗语量词lo55和to33的语义认知研究

Semantic Cognition of Muyang Hmong Quantifiers lo 55 and to 33

在木央苗语里,有2个使用频率高、搭配范围广、概括性强的量词,分别是lo55和to33。经对比研究发现两者在语义上互补,前者用于称量圆形和近似圆形的、无生命的、抽象的、不区分事物大小的个体事物,后者用于称量长条形的、有生命的、具体的、不区分事物大小的个体事物。量词lo55和to33都具有称量个体事物名词的功能,都有表示“个”的中心量义项,都可以用于器具、身体器官、天文地理类名词前。

There are two quantifiers which are frequently used,with a wide range of collocation and strong generalizability in Muyang Hmong language,namely lo 55 and to 33.Through comparative study,it is found that the two are opposite and complementary in semantics,the former is used to weigh circular and approximately circular,lifeless,abstract,and indistinguishable individual objects of varying sizes,while the latter is used to weigh elongated,living,concrete,and indistinguishable individual objects of varying sizes.The quantifiers lo 55 and to 33 both have units for weighing individual things,and they all have central measurement terms representing“ge”,which can be used before nouns indicating instruments,body organs,astronomy and geography,etc.