微生物固定化技术在铬污染修复中的应用及研究进展

Application of Microbial Immobilisation Technology for Remediation of Chromium Pollution and Research Progress

由于铬及其化合物广泛的工业应用,在许多地方造成了不同程度的铬污染,严重危害生态环境和人类健康。生物修复技术因其技术投资和运行成本低而被认为是Cr(Ⅵ)污染修复的一种可行的选择。然而,在高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)存在下,微生物的损失、对微生物的毒性等因素阻碍了其商业应用。微生物固定化技术(Microbial immobilization technology,MIT)能够克服传统生物修复技术的缺点,具有铬耐受性好、稳定性高、反应速度快、活性高等优点,近年来得到迅速发展,并多次应用于铬污染修复过程。但目前对该技术在铬污染修复中的研究和应用还处于起步阶段。基于此,本文从微生物固定化载体的选择、微生物固定的方法、微生物的筛选、微生物固定化装置等方面对微生物固定化技术在铬污染修复中的应用及研究进展进行综述,并对未来的研究和实际应用提出建议和展望,以期为Cr(Ⅵ)污染的修复研究提供有价值的参考。

The widespread industrial application of chromium and its compounds has resulted in varying degrees of chromium pollution in many places,seriously endangering the ecological environment and human health.Bioremediation technology is considered a viable option for Cr(Ⅵ)pollution remediation due to its low technical investment and operating costs.However,the loss of microorganisms and toxicity to microorganisms in the presence of high concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ)have hindered its commercial application.Microbial immobilization technology(MIT)can overcome the shortcomings of traditional bioremediation technology and has the advantages of good chromium tolerance,high stability,fast reaction speed,high activity,etc.It has been rapidly developed in recent years and has been applied to the chromium pollution remediation process many times.However,the research and application of this technology in chromium pollution remediation is still in its infancy.Based on this,this paper reviews the application and research progress of microbial immobilization technology in chromium pollution remediation from the selection of microbial immobilization carriers,methods of microbial immobilization,screening of microorganisms,microbial immobilization devices,etc.,and puts forward suggestions and outlooks on the future research and practical application,to provide valuable references for the remediation research of Cr(Ⅵ)pollution.