中国乡村人居环境韧性评价及障碍因素分析

Evaluation of Rural Human Settlement Resilience and Analysis of Barrier Factors in China

论文从乡村人居环境韧性内涵出发,构建乡村人居环境韧性评价指标体系,并将其转换为基于系统属性的乡村人居环境韧性评价指标体系,分析2010—2020年中国乡村人居环境韧性演变特征,识别中国乡村人居环境韧性障碍因素。研究结果表明:中国乡村人居环境韧性指数总体呈现波动上升态势,但各区域变动态势不尽相同,乡村人居环境韧性水平变动与经济发展格局基本一致。乡村人居环境不同子系统韧性呈现不同的变动态势,社会子系统韧性水平最高,经济子系统韧性水平最低,且呈现持续下滑态势。工程子系统韧性障碍度是乡村韧性水平提升的最主要障碍子系统,资源禀赋、农业生产、环境治理、居住条件和科技创新是中国乡村人居环境韧性提升的共同障碍要素。根据障碍度测算结果将中国各省份划分为环境治理与生态维护障碍型、资源禀赋与环境治理障碍型、居住条件与区域交通障碍型、农业生产条件与居住条件障碍型,并针对不同类型的特点提出不同的对策。

Starting from the connotation of rural human settlement environment resilience,a rural human settlement environment resilience evaluation index system is constructed,and it is transformed into a rural human settlement environment resilience evaluation index system based on system attributes.The evolution characteristics of rural human settlement environment resilience in China from 2010 to 2020 are analyzed,and obstacles to rural human settlement environment resilience in China are identified.The research results indicate that the overall resilience index of rural living environment in China shows a fluctuating upward trend,but the trend of change varies among different regions.The changes in the resilience level of rural living environment are basically consistent with the economic development pattern.The different subsystems of rural living environment exhibit different changing trends,with the social subsystem consistently having the highest resilience level and the economic subsystem having the lowest resilience level,and showing a continuous downward trend.The resilience obstacle degree of the engineering subsystem is the main obstacle subsystem for improving the resilience level of rural areas.Resource endowment,agricultural production,environmental governance,living conditions,and technological innovation are common obstacles to improving the resilience of rural living environments in China.Based on the results of the barrier degree calculation,the provinces in China are divided into types such as environmental governance and ecological maintenance barrier type,resource endowment and environmental governance barrier type,living conditions and regional transportation barrier type,and agricultural production conditions and living conditions barrier type.Different countermeasures are proposed according to the characteristics of different types.