铝合金成形中摩擦与润滑的研究进展

Research progress on friction and lubrication in aluminum alloy forming

铝合金在汽车、航空航天、船舶等行业中应用广泛。不同种类铝合金的应用和成形工艺不同。室温下铝合金成形有回弹、开裂等缺陷,温度升高可提高铝合金的成形性,但摩擦磨损也会加剧。以铝合金的不同成形工艺为脉络,介绍了不同工况条件下(主要为温度和压强)铝合金成形中工件与模具接触副之间的磨损机制和润滑剂的应用,使用适当的润滑剂可以减少摩擦磨损,增加表面质量,提高铝合金工件的生产效率;梳理了不同铝合金成形工艺下常用的摩擦学试验方法,总结了标准实验和非标准实验的适用场合和存在的问题,为后续铝合金成形中的摩擦行为和润滑剂的研究做了铺垫和启发。

Aluminum alloy is widely used in automotive,aerospace,shipbuilding and other industries.The application and forming process of different kinds of aluminum alloy are different.The defects such as springback and cracking may occur in the forming of aluminum alloy at room temperature,and the formability of aluminum alloy can be improved with the increasing of temperature,but the friction and wear will also be aggravated.Based on the different forming processes of aluminum alloy,the wear mechanism and the application of lubricant between workpiece and die contact pair in the forming of aluminum alloy under different working conditions(mainly temperature and pressure) was introduced.The use of appropriate lubricant could reduce the friction and wear,increase the surface quality and improve the production efficiency of aluminum alloy workpiece.The tribological test methods commonly used in different forming processes of aluminum alloy were reviewed,and the application occasions and existing problems of standard and non-standard experiments were summarized,which laid the foundation and enlighten the research on friction behavior and lubricants in the forming of aluminum alloy.