数据要素与数据经济学

Data Elements and Data Economics

在数字经济时代,数据的爆发式增长和规模化应用使数据成为一种重要的经济资源和生产要素,不断催生出新产品、新业态、新模式,对生产力和生产关系的发展与变革产生重要影响,深刻改变着人类生产方式、生活方式和社会治理方式。本文以数据要素为研究对象,详细介绍了数据的本质及其作为生产要素的理论与实践逻辑,并分别从生产力、生产关系、经济全球化三个层面分析了数据要素对经济学研究范畴产生的影响。本文的研究对构建数据经济学,进而构建中国经济学自主知识体系具有积极意义,也有助于为中国在全球数字经济竞争中占据有利位置与掌握话语权提供坚实的理论基础。

In the era of the digital economy,the explosive growth and large-scale application of data have made data elements a crucial factor of production and economic resource.Just as traditional elements such as land,labor,capital,management,and technology correspond to land economics,labor economics,financial economics,managerial economics,and technical economics,the recognition of data as a vital economic resource and production factor necessitates the establishment of a similar disciplinary framework for data economics.Data possesses unique attributes such as virtuality,non-consumption,non-competition,timeliness,scarcity,and high liquidity.It also exhibits economic characteristics like economies of scale,high complementarity,scenario dependence,value attenuation,ambiguity of rights confirmation,and economic externalities.These characteristics present new opportunities and challenges to the mechanisms by which production factors promote productivity,alter production relations,and advance economic globalization.As key production factors,data elements extensively participate in social production,promote the development of new digital productivity,and unleash a“multiplier effect”on economic development.The impact of data elements on productivity is mainly reflected in four aspects:direct involvement in the production process,improvement of resource allocation efficiency,promotion of industrial structure upgrading,and enhancement of government decision-making quality.The impact on production relations is evident in labor-management relations,exchange relations,consumption relations,and distribution relations.Data elements not only profoundly affect human production and lifestyle but also play a key role in reorganizing global factor resources,reshaping the global economic structure,and altering the global competitive landscape.Therefore,it is essential to prioritize the research of data economics and strengthen theoretical exploration and empirical research.This is fundamentally significant for constructing China's independent economic knowledge system and provides a solid theoretical and practical foundation for China to secure a favorable position and assert its voice in the global digital economy competition.