社会化路径还是具身性路径?——科林斯和德雷福斯“嵌入与具身之争”的回顾与分析

The Socialization Approach or the Embodiment Approach--Review and Analysis of Collins and Dreyfus"Debate between Embedment and Embodiment"

什么是计算机实现人类智能的必要路径?科林斯认为是社会化,德雷福斯认为是具身性,双方就此展开了持久的争论。对双方争论的还原与分析表明,这场争论源自双方哲学立场和认识论的差异。科林斯对现象学的有限理解和对论据的错误解读导致他提出了一些不合理的观点,而德雷福斯不甚重视科林斯捍卫的智能的社会化。由于社会化必须具身性地完成,因而智能的具身性似乎比社会化更为根本。然而,对完整意义上的人类智能,具身性与社会化缺一不可,两条路径恰能互补。科林斯与德雷福斯分别代表探究AI的社会学进路和现象学进路,双方分别从不同的维度揭示了AI的发展瓶颈。就AI发展而言,很有必要推动社会学进路和现象学进路的对话与融合。

What is the necessary approach for a computer to achieve human intelligence?Harry Collins thinks it is socialization,Hubert Dreyfus thinks it is embodiment,there is a lasting dispute between the two sides.The reduction and analysis of the dispute between the two sides show that the dispute originated from the differences in their philosophical stand and epistemology.Harry Collins's limited understanding of phenomenology and misinterpretation of the arguments lead him to put forward some unreasonable views.Hubert Dreyfus,on the other hand,pays little attention to the socialization of intelligence that Corinth defends.Since socialization must be embodied,the embodiment of intelligence seems to be more fundamental than socialization.However,in the full sense of human intelligence,embodiment and socialization are both indispensable,and the two paths complement each other.Harry Collins and Hubert Dreyfus respectively represent the sociological approach and the phenomenological approach to the exploration of AI,and they respectively reveal the development bottleneck of AI from different dimensions.As for the development of Al,it is necessary to promote the dialogue and integration of sociological approaches and phenomenological approaches.