体力劳动者和脑力劳动者的行为和生活方式对其抑郁症状的影响

The impact of the behavior and lifestyle of physical and mental workers on their depressive symptoms

目的分析体力劳动者和脑力劳动者的抑郁症状及行为和生活方式对其抑郁症状的影响。方法于2022年8月,采用横断面研究设计,应用整群抽样法选择553名职业人群为研究对象,收集其一般人口学资料、健康相关行为和生活方式,应用中文版抑郁症筛查量表(PHQ-9)对其抑郁症状进行评价,分析体力劳动者和脑力劳动者基本特征及行为和生活方式的差异,并采用logistic回归分析职业人群抑郁症状的影响因素。结果553名研究对象中,体力劳动者317人(57.32%),脑力劳动者236人(42.68%),两组研究对象在文化程度、月收入、吸烟率、经常参加体育锻炼率、睡眠时间适宜率等方面比较,差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。体力劳动者抑郁症状得分和抑郁症状检出率分别为(9.67±2.75)分和20.82%(66/317),高于脑力劳动者的抑郁症状得分和抑郁症状检出率[(8.34±2.18)分,12.71%(30/236)](t=6.13、χ^(2)=6.20,P<0.05)。logistic回归分析的结果显示,吸烟、经常参加体育锻炼、睡眠时间适宜和脑力劳动是职业人群抑郁症状的影响因素(OR=1.592,95%CI:1.316~1.825;OR=0.659,95%CI:0.416~0.830;OR=0.502,95%CI:0.257~0.717;OR=0.839,95%CI:0.522~0.967;P<0.05)。结论体力劳动者的抑郁症状比脑力劳动者严重,文化程度低、不经常参加体育锻炼、吸烟、睡眠时间不适宜是影响职业人群抑郁症状的潜在危险因素。

Objective To analyze the depressive symptoms of physical and mental workers and the impact of their behavior and lifestyle on their depressive symptoms.Methods In August 2022,a cross-sectional study design was adopted to select 553 workers as research subjects using cluster sampling.General demographic information,health-related behaviors and lifestyles were collected,and their depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9(PHQ-9).The differences in general demographic information,health-related behaviors and lifestyles between physical and mental workers were analyzed,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in occupational populations.Results Among the 553 subjects,317 were physical workers(57.32%)and 236 were mental workers(42.68%).Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of education level,monthly income,smoking rate,regular physical exercise rate and appropriate sleep time rate(P<0.05).The score and the detection rate of depression symptoms among physical workers were(9.67±2.75)points and 20.82%(66/317),respectively,which were higher than those of mental workers[(8.34±2.18)points,12.71%(30/236)](t=6.13,χ^(2)=6.20,P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,regular physical exercise,appropriate sleep time and mental work were influencing factors of depressive symptoms among the occupational population(OR=1.592,95%CI:1.316-1.825;OR=0.659,95%CI:0.416-0.830;OR=0.502,95%CI:0.257-0.717;OR=0.839,95%CI:0.522-0.967;P<0.05).Conclusion The depressive symptoms of physical workers are more serious than those of mental workers.Low education level,not frequently participating in physical exercise,smoking and sleep disorder are potential risk factors that affect the depressive symptoms of the occupational population.