住院眩晕患者跌倒风险感知现状及影响因素研究

Risk perception of falls and its influencing factors in patients with vertigo

目的调查住院眩晕患者跌倒风险感知现状并分析其影响因素,为制订针对性的跌倒风险感知干预措施提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2023年5月—2024年1月在济南市某三级甲等综合医院住院治疗的215例眩晕患者作为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、Barthel指数评定量表、眩晕障碍量表、Tilburg衰弱量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、患者跌倒风险感知量表进行调查,采用单因素分析及多元线性回归分析住院眩晕患者跌倒风险感知的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷202份,有效回收率93.95%。住院眩晕患者跌倒风险感知得分为(45.49±14.27)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,近1年内发生过跌倒、害怕跌倒、自理能力、眩晕障碍、睡眠障碍、衰弱是住院眩晕患者跌倒风险感知的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论眩晕患者跌倒风险感知较高,护理人员应根据其影响因素进行个性化的防跌倒健康教育和安全指导,以预防跌倒发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation of fall risk perception in hospitalized patients with vertigo,and analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide references for the formulation of targeted fall risk perception intervention measures.Methods Using convenience sampling,from May 2023 to January 2024,215 patients with vertigo in a tertiary hospital in Jinan City were selected as the subjects of the survey.Surveys were conducted using general information questionnaires,the Barthel Index,the Vertigo Symptom Scale,the Tilburg Frailty Indicator,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,and the Fall Risk Perception Scale.Single-factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of fall risk perception in hospitalized patients with vertigo.Results 202 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 93.95%.The fall risk perception score of patients with dizziness was(45.49±14.27).Having fallen within the past year,fear of falling,self-care ability,degree of vertigo,sleep disturbance,and frailty are factors influencing the fall risk perception of patients with dizziness(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with vertigo have high fall risk perception,and medical staff should provide personalized fall prevention health education and safety guidance according to their influencing factors.