土壤养分状况对石阡苔茶品质成分的影响

Study on the Influence of Soil Nutrient Status on the Quality Components of Shiqian Taicha

为探究土壤养分状况对茶品质成分的影响,本研究选取了石阡茶区11个茶园,并于这些区域选择一到四丛石阡苔茶群体种的茶树单株进行一芽二叶茶青样品采集,检测土壤pH值、有机质、氮磷钾等土壤养分指标,同时检测茶青中茶多酚、氨基酸和儿茶素等11种品质相关的次级代谢物。结果表明,茶园土壤pH值在4.51~5.97范围时,适宜茶树生长;所有土壤养分指标中,有效磷含量差异最大,变异系数为84%;养分指标含量大多较适合茶树生长,其中全钾的含量最丰富,全磷的含量较低。土壤pH值与所检测的所有土壤养分指标相关性均为负,有机质的含量对土壤养分状况的影响最大。相同区域不同单株之间的内含物含量比较相近,但也有部分差异显著;土壤中全钾和速效钾的含量与大多数内含物含量呈正相关。本研究选择的茶园土壤养分含量总体比较适宜,存在富钾缺磷的特点,而钾元素对促进茶叶品质成分的积累起正面作用。施肥时建议因地制宜,科学地施用有机肥及氮磷钾肥,尤其注意磷肥的补充。

To investigate the impact of soil nutrient status on the quality components of tea,11 tea gardens in main tea areas of Shiqian were selected,with collecting one to four single plants in these areas for tea bud and two leaves samples.Soil nutrient indexes such as pH value,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were detected,and 11 quality indexes such as tea polyphenols,amino acids and catechins were detected.Soil pH values ranged from 4.51 to 5.97 in the selected tea gardens which were suitable for the growth of tea trees.Available phosphorus showed the greatest variation among all soil nutrient indicators with a coefficient of variation of 84%,and most nutrient indicator contents were suitable for the growth of tea trees,particularly total potassium content being abundant while total phosphorus content being low.There was a negative correlation between soil pH value and all detected soil nutrient indicators;organic matter content had the greatest influence on soil nutrient status.Inclusion material content among different single plants within the same area were similar but some exhibited significant differences.The total potassium and available potassium in soils showed positive correlations with inclusion material.The soil nutrient content in the chosen tea garden was relatively suitable,with the characteristics of rich potassium and lack of phosphorus.Potassium plays a positive role in promoting the accumulation of quality components.It is suggested to apply organic fertilizer,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer scientifically according to local conditions,especially pay attention to the supplement of phosphorus fertilizer.