《退伍军人权利法案》对战后美国弱势群体高等教育发展的压制--基于公共政策外部性的考察

The G.I.Bill of Rights Impeded the Development of Higher Education for Disadvantaged Groups in the U.S.after WWII:Based on the Theory of Public Policy’s Externality

1944年颁布的《退伍军人权利法案》在美国教育史上具有独特的意义和价值,是美国历史上最成功的公共政策之一,不仅顺利达成政策目标,而且还产生了惊人的非预期的外部收益。然而,这一公共政策所产生的负向外部性却被忽略,即对弱势群体高等教育发展进程和发展空间的阻碍和挤压,由此所带来的社会不公和群体裂痕持续影响着美国高等教育的后续发展。公共政策的负向外部性如果不能得到及时与有效地纾解和治理,会诱发社会的结构性问题和民众对社会不公的愤怒。

The 1944 G.I.Bill has a unique significance and value in the history of American education and it is one of the most successful public policies in the history of the United States,which not only successfully achieves its policy goals,but also generates astonishing unintended external benefits.However,the negative externalities caused by this public policy have been overlooked,namely the impediment and squeeze on the development process and development space of higher education for disadvantaged groups,and the resulting social injustice and group fracture continue to affect the subsequent development of American higher education.If the negative externalities of public policy cannot be alleviated and managed in a timely and effective way,they will induce structural problems in society and public anger against social injustice.