增密减氮栽培对杂交籼稻稻米品质的影响

Effects of Dense Planting with Reduced Nitrogen Input Cultivation on the Grain Quality of Hybrid Indica Rice

以4个杂交籼稻品种(Y两优900、两优培九、珞优10号和川优6203)为材料,在0(N1)、90(N2)和180 kg/hm^(2)N(N3)3个氮肥及22.2(D1)和33.3株/m~2(D2)2个种植密度处理下进行大田试验,以此研究增密减氮栽培对稻米品质的影响。结果表明,两优培九、珞优10号和川优6203在增密减氮栽培(N2D2)下的产量较正常氮正常密度(N3D1)处理分别增加10.0%、9.2%和7.6%,而Y两优900在2个处理间产量差异不显著。N2D2处理显著降低了稻米的加工品质,整精米率降低15.3%;但改善了外观品质,垩白度和垩白粒率分别降低26.9%和9.7%;同时还使直链淀粉和总蛋白含量分别降低6.2%和21.9%。此外,N2D2处理提高了稻米的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值,降低了消减值。综上,增密减氮栽培对水稻产量和品质的影响存在显著的品种间和年际间差异,整体上表现为在稳定产量的同时改善了稻米的外观品质,显著提高了稻米的蒸煮食味品质,但降低了稻米的加工和营养品质。因此,增密减氮栽培在一定程度上可以协同丰产和优质。

The study took four hybrid indica rice varieties(Y Liangyou 900,Liangyoupeijiu,Luoyou10,and Chuanyou 6203)as materials,and set three nitrogen fertilizer rate of 0(N1),90(N2)and 180 kg/ha N(N3),and two planting density of 22.2(D1)and 33.3 plants/m^(2)(D2)under field conditions to study the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice on grain quality in rice.The results showed that the yield of Liangyoupeijiu,Luoyou10,and Chuanyou 6203 under dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice(N2D2)increased by 10.0%,9.2%and 7.6%,respectively,compared with that under normal nitrogen and normal density treatment(N3D1),while the yield of Y Liangyou 900 was not significantly different between the two treatments.Dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice significantly decreased the milling quality,and the head rice rate reduced by 15.3%,while the appearance quality was improved in N2D2,and chalkiness degree and chalky grain percentage were reduced by 26.9%and 9.7%,respectively.At the same time,amylose content and total protein content were decreased by 6.2%and 21.9%in N2D2,compared with that in N3D1,respectively.In addition,dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice increased the peak viscosity,hot viscosity,final viscosity and breakdown value,but decreased the setback.In conclusion,the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice on rice yield and quality were significantly different between varieties and between years.On the whole,dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice improved the appearance and cooking and eating quality of rice while increasing yield,but reduced the milling and nutritional quality.Therefore,to a certain extent,dense planting with reduced nitrogen input practice can improve synergistically yield and quality of rice.