论德里达的文学功能观

On Derrida’s Perspective of the Literary Function

文学的功能是文学活动的核心问题之一,也是西方文学理论批评界讨论的焦点问题。关于文学功能,西方文论史上主要有文学是认识真理的工具和创造存在的方式两种观念。德里达在融合上述两种观念的基础上,提出了开发论文学功能观。他在《口令:为了策兰》和《君王》中,通过解释阐发策兰在《子午线》中对毕希纳的《丹东之死》和《棱茨》的评论,明确指出:文学是开发秘密的“自由的行动”;其形式是个性化语言和诗歌方式,其内容是现成的词语概念和象征系统无法涵盖界说的秘密,其方式方法是开发。德里达的开发论文学功能观念为文学活动启示了一条全新的道路,继往开来,具有空前巨大的理论价值,很值得我们深究研发。

The function of literature is one of the core issues of literary activities and a focal point of discussion in Western literary theory and criticism.Historically,two main perspectives have dominated the Western discourse on literary function:literature as a tool for understanding truth and literature as a means of creating existence.Based on integrating these two perspectives,Derrida proposes his view of the literary function of invention.In his works Shibboleth:For Paul Celan and Sovereignties in Question,Derrida,through his interpretation of Celan’s discussion in The Meridian about Büchner’s Danton’s Death and Lenz,explicitly articulates that literature is a“free act”of uncovering secrets.Its form lies in personalized language and poetic manner,in secrets that cannot be encapsulated by ready-made words or symbolic systems,and its method in the process of development or unveiling.Derrida’s view of the literary function of invention opens a new pathway for literary activities,bridging the past and the future,and holds unprecedented theoretical value,warranting in-depth exploration and development.