伦理选择与心理需求:探索文学伦理学批评的新维度

Ethical Choice and Psychological Needs:Exploring a New Dimension of Ethical Literary Criticism

伦理选择是文学伦理学批评的理论基础,文学在人的伦理选择中扮演了重要角色,通过文学的教化、愉悦、认知等作用,人能够在面临伦理困境时借鉴文学作品中的伦理选择找到替代性和象征性的出路。作者的伦理智慧和伦理选择通过作品人物而呈现,并被读者所接受和认同。依据伦理选择和伦理智慧概念,结合马斯洛的需求层次理论,可以进一步丰富文学伦理学的批评理论及其实践。从需求层次理论的视角分析经典文学作品中的伦理选择,可以发现作者、读者和作品人物都有未能实现的心理或精神需求,他们通过对立型、寄托型或成长型的方式进行多种伦理选择,满足心理或精神需求,从而使文学的价值得到实现。伦理选择与心理需求的结合可以开拓文学伦理学批评的新维度。

Ethical choice is the theoretical foundation of Ethical Literary Criticism.Literature plays an important role in human ethical choice,offering education,pleasure,and cognition that can provide alternative and symbolic solutions in literary works through ethical choice to ethical dilemmas.Authors’ethical wisdom and ethical choice are presented through the characters in their literary works and are accepted and recognized by readers.By integrating the concepts of ethical choice and ethical wisdom with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,Ethical Literary Criticism can be further enriched in both theory and practice.Analyzing the ethical choice in classic literary works from the perspective of the Hierarchy of Needs reveals that authors,readers,and characters all have unfulfilled psychological or spiritual needs.They make multiple ethical choices through such modes as antagonism,identification,or growth to meet psychological or spiritual needs,and hence the value of literature can be realized.The integration of ethical choice and psychological needs can open up new dimensions for Ethical Literary Criticism.