自然语言处理及其在医学领域的应用

Natural language processing and its application in the medical field

自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)能够“自觉主动”地获取知识、理解、处理与表达,是计算机智能的集中体现,是促进医学实践与研究信息化的科技密钥。本文梳理NLP的发展沿革及其研究基础,重点介绍了目前NLP、大语言模型在生物医学以及中医药领域的应用,包括医学文本、中医古籍的智能化阅读与信息抽取、反馈,医学知识图谱和问答系统的构建等。NLP是发掘中医药宝库的技术支撑,对进一步助力高效、高质量的中医药核心价值发展与中医药服务能力提升具有重要的实践意义。

Natural language processing(NLP)is the embodiment of computer intelligence in acquiring knowledge,understanding,processing and expressing consciously and actively.It is the scientific key to promoting the informatization of medical practice and research.This paper reviews the development history and research basis of NLP,and focuses on the current application of NLP and large language models in biomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),including the intelligent reading,information extraction and feedback of medical texts and ancient books of TCM,as well as the construction of medical knowledge graph and question-answering system.NLP is the technical support to explore the treasure house of TCM,which is of great practical significance to further promote the development of efficient and high-quality core values of TCM and to improve the service capacity.