不同环境温度下身管钢的摩擦机理研究

Research on the wear mechanism of the gun barrel steel under different temperatures

轻武器、火炮身管在服役过程中受到火药燃气和弹丸的高温摩擦作用而产生磨损,导致内膛形貌发生变化和身管寿命的降低。为揭示身管材料的高温摩擦磨损机理,采用PCrNi3MoV身管钢与H90黄铜球配副,在200、400、600℃的环境温度下,使用UMT-3型摩擦磨损试验机进行了摩擦磨损试验并开展了机理分析。采用三维白光干涉表面形貌仪、XRD、SEM、EDS等设备对磨痕表面及断面的形貌、结构和成分进行了分析。研究结果表明:由于温度的增加会导致黄铜球塑性变形加重从而增加摩擦接触面积,磨损过程中压入身管钢表面深度加深,导致摩擦力增大,氧化物层下的基体发生剧烈的塑性变形,摩擦系数会随着温度的升高而增大。但是身管钢的磨损率呈现出随着温度升高先增大再降低的规律,这与在不同温度下身管钢和黄铜的强度变化以及氧化物层的厚度有关。

During service,small arms and gun barrels are subjected to high-temperature friction from gunpowder gas and projectiles,resulting in wear and tear,leading to changes in the shape of the inner chamber and a decrease in the lifespan of the barrel.In order to reveal the wear mechanism of the gun barrel steels,the H90 ball was selected as a friction pair against PCrNi3MoV gun barrel steels,and the friction test and the mechanism analysis were carried out on a UMT-3 tribometer at temperatures of 200℃,400℃,and 600℃respectively.The 3D surface profilometer,XRD,SEM,EDS,and other related equipment were used to analyze the morphology,structure and composition of the wear tracks.The research results indicate that an increase in temperature can lead to increased plastic deformation of brass balls,thereby increasing the friction contact area.During the wear process,the compressed depth on the surface of the barrel steel deepens,resulting in increased friction force.The substrate under the oxide layer undergoes severe plastic deformation,and the friction coefficient increases with the increase of temperature.However,the wear rate of barrel steel shows a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing temperature,which is related to the strength changes of barrel steel and brass at different temperatures,as well as the thickness of the oxide layer.